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1913 -

  • Goddard diagnosed with tuberculosis. Nation: USA.

    The doctors thought he had just two weeks to live. During the months of recuperation that followed, Goddard conceived the basic concepts of rocketry, leading to patents the following year.

1933 - Launch Vehicle: Magdeburg.
  • Magdeburg Project tests Nation: Germany.

    A test stand is completed for ground test of rocket engines of up to 1000 kgf. Tests of the 200 kgf motor begin on 22 March. Motors explode on 25 March and 3 April, but by the end of April, 20 test runs have been conducted and the motor is considered reliable enough for flight test (despite several burn-throughs of the throat).

1948 -
  • XS-1 Flight 75 Nation: USA. Payload: XS-1 # 2 flight 32. Class: Manned. Type: Rocketplane. Spacecraft: XS-1. Crew: Hoover.

    NACA flight 12. Stability and loads investigation. Mach 1.12.

1949 - 06:43 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: V-2. LV Configuration: V-2 41.
  • Blossom IVA Ionosphere-solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA/ARDC. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

    Launched 23:43 local time. Reached 133.9 km. Carried Ionosphere, sky brightness, solar radiation, composition, photo experiments for Air Research and Development Command.

1949 - 17:20 GMT - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 11.1 S x 88.4 W. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee RTV-N-8. LV Configuration: Aerobee RTV-N-8 A11.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: APL. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi).

    Cosmic radiation, magnetic field research. Launched at 1730 GMT. Reached 104.6 km. Launched by vessel AVM1 from Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 1-2 - Latitude: 11.10 S, Longitude:88.43 W.

1951 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Corporal. Model: Corporal E. LV Configuration: Corporal E 8R.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA OR. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1952 -
  • Collier's Magazine Articles on Manned Spaceflight Nation: USA.

1957 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC9. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Navaho. Model: Navaho G-26. LV Configuration: Navaho II SM-64 06. FAILURE: Ground pod failed to jettison; booster damaged and did not achieve speed/altitude required for cruise stage ignition.
  • Navaho G-26 Flight 2 Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi).

    G-26 number two / booster 6 lifted off after a 9 hour 48 minute countdown with nearly five hours of holds, on the first attempt after two successful static firings. However failure of a launch lanyard meant the kerosene start-pod on the booster remained attached. This sheared off at 4500 m, causing extensive booster damage. Thrust decayed. The cruise stage separated at Mach 1.3 at 28,300 feet, but this was below ramjet ignition speed. However the pilot on the ground was able to assume radio control of the vehicle, and flew it in a glide over the ocean, even demonstrating landing gear deployment before it pancaked into the water.

1958 - 06:41 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee Hi. LV Configuration: Aerobee Hi NN3.05.
  • Aeronomy/Fields/Ultraviolet Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NRL. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi).

1959 - 00:58 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC18B. Launch Pad: LC18B. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor DM-18A. LV Configuration: Thor DM-18A 158.
  • Series IV research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 520 km (320 mi).

1960 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC15. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 1. LV Configuration: Titan I G-5.
  • RVX-4 test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

    USAF Titan fired 5,000 statute miles / 8000 km and data capsule recovered.

1960 - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Astrobee. Model: Astrobee 500. LV Configuration: Astrobee 500 Geodetic flares. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1960 - 01:22 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC6. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Redstone. LV Configuration: Redstone 2020. FAILURE: Control system malfunction during re-entry at 373 sec.
  • Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

    Missile test failure. Missed aimpoint by 315 m.

1964 - Launch Site: Cuxhaven. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • DRG launches at Cuxhaven Nation: Germany.

    The DRG (German Rocket Society) conducted a series of ten student model rocket test launches. Some of these tested a new airbrake mechanism for recovery of the rocket in lieu of a parachute.

1965 - 07:44 GMT - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 12.9 S x 77.9 W. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache AE5.294.
  • B field Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi).

    Launched at 1965 Croatan MRF Expedition LP19 - - Latitude: 12.90 S - Longitude: 77.90 W.

1965 - 08:49 GMT - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 13.0 S x 77.8 W. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun AE6.253.
  • Electron density Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

    Launched at 1965 Croatan MRF Expedition LP20 - - Latitude: 12.95 S - Longitude: 77.83 W.

1966 - 09:38 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: HAD. LV Configuration: HAD 181.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1967 -
  • L1 flight scenario undecided Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 1, Soyuz 2A.

    Kerimov argued with Mishin that without any logical reason his demand that the cosmonauts go to the cosmodrome for training has disrupted their preparation schedule. Later Kamanin met with Gagarin, Leonov, Volynov, and Makarov, all selected as pilots for L1 lunar flybys. The L1 flight scenario was still open. Variant 1 would involve launch of two spacecraft, with transfer of one to two crew to the translunar spacecraft in earth orbit. Variant 2 would be a direct flight to the moon. - Additional details.

1967 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF03. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 1253.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1967 - 12:44 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 150 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1967-025A. USAF Sat Cat: 2715. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-03-30.

    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule

1967 - 14:05 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC161/35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36-O. LV Configuration: R-36O 8K69 N22500 No. 08L. FAILURE: Failure.
  • OGCh Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN.

1967 - 16:56 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150A NASA 04.103DS.
  • OSO-3 calibration Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi).

1967 - 17:52 GMT - Launch Site: Mud Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 37.9 N x 117.1 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 1-70-119. FAILURE: Cockpit pressure problems.
  • X-15A Stab./Loads/ASAS test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 40 km (24 mi).

    Maximum Speed - 6150 kph. Maximum Altitude - 40570 m. Inertial system failed after peak altitude; cabin pressurization lost during descent.

1968 - 00:57 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 176 km (109 mi).

1968 - 07:24 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.255GG.
  • Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi).

1968 - 09:30 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90/19. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-2A.
  • Cosmos 209 Nation: USSR. Program: RORSAT. Payload: US-A no. 2. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft: US-A. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 876 km (544 mi). Apogee: 927 km (576 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 103.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-023C. USAF Sat Cat: 3162. Decay Date: 1968-04-10.

    RORSAT hardware, representative of production hardware, but using chemical batteries in place of BES-5 nuclear reactor.

1969 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF21. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 2415.
  • ST Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1969 - 02:50 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Plasma mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 184 km (114 mi).

1969 - 12:15 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 273 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 77. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1969-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 3831. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-30.

    Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

1971 -
  • Problems with Igla system on DOS. Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut. Spacecraft: Salyut 1. Flight: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 11, Soyuz 12 / DOS 1.

    There are problems with the Igla rendezvous system and also the stabilisation systems aboard DOS#1. The April 15 launch date is not realistic, according to Shabarov's deputies, although he himself says he can still meet the schedule. From 12:00 to 16:00 the cosmonauts participate in communications tests between the Soyuz spacecraft and the station. They go all right, but there are many problems with the ground segment. Mishin arrives in the evening. He has to give the VPK the final word on 27 March as to the launch date for the station. Shabarov is afraid to tell Mishin about the problems they are having with the Igla system.

1971 - Launch Site: Thule AFB. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Model: Sparrow Arcas. LV Configuration: Sparrow Arcas PCA.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi).

1971 - 16:50 GMT - Launch Site: Hall Beach. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.129GE.
  • Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi).

1972 -
  • IMBP Cosmonaut Training Group 1 selected. Nation: USSR.

    Physicians and biomedical specialist cosmonauts for planned missions to the Salyut space station.

1972 -
  • Almaz Engineer Cosmonaut Training Group 1 selected. Nation: USSR.

    The group was selected to provide flight engineers for planned Almaz military space station missions.

1972 -
  • Energia Engineer Cosmonaut Training Group 3 selected. Nation: USSR.

1972 - 03:00 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2.
  • ERCS GT200L Communications mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1972 - 08:22 GMT - Launch Site: San Marco. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache.
  • ISRC-PO-9 Ionosphere mission Nation: Italy. Agency: ISRC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1972 - 09:33 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cockatoo. LV Configuration: Cockatoo 1026.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1972 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47127-122.
  • Cosmos 479 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Mass: 875 kg (1,929 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-O. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 517 km (321 mi). Apogee: 537 km (333 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 95.20 min. COSPAR: 1972-017A. USAF Sat Cat: 5894. Decay Date: 1980-04-13.

    Possible ELINT satellite.

1973 - 06:02 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.145GE.
  • Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi).

1973 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 552 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 308 km (191 mi). Inclination: 72.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1973-016A. USAF Sat Cat: 6394. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1973-04-03.

    Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated Nauka autonomous subsatellite 16KS No 162 / 2L which tested Kondor control system for Yantar satellite.

  • Nauka Cosmos 552 Nation: USSR. Payload: Nauka 16KS No. 2L. Spacecraft: Nauka. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.25 min. COSPAR: 1973-016C. USAF Sat Cat: 6397. Decay Date: 1973-04-09.

1973 - 12:12 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5C. LV Configuration: Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-2.
  • Auroral mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi).

1973 - 17:43 GMT - Launch Site: Villa Reynolds. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 6 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 6 AC SL1182.
  • UK SL1182 Earth imaging mission Nation: UK. Agency: BAC. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi).

1974 - 06:45 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.421GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

1974 - 09:31 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.422GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).

1976 - 06:43 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170A NASA 13.116UE.
  • Auroral UV / particles Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 182 km (113 mi).

1976 - 18:14 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 24B. LV Configuration: Titan 24B 24B-18 (3B-52).
  • OPS 7600 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-8 no. 46 / Agena D. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 125 km (77 mi). Apogee: 347 km (215 mi). Inclination: 96.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1976-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 8770. Decay Date: 1976-05-18.

    KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A).

1977 - 06:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 200A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 200A NASA 26.59UG.
  • Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi).

1979 -
  • Ferry flight El Paso to Kelly AFB Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Columbia.

    Ferry flight, shuttle carrier aircraft/Columbia (OV-102) from Biggs Army Air Base to Kelly AFB, San Antonio, Texas (1 hr, 39 min)

1979 - 23:53 GMT - Launch Site: Chilca. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Canopus. Model: Castor (A).
  • Spread F Barium release mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi).

1980 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Astrobee. Model: Astrobee F. LV Configuration: Astrobee F NASA 25.47UH.
  • Soft XRB 1 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 217 km (134 mi).

1980 - 11:36 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Taurus Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.02UE.
  • Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 618 km (384 mi).

1981 - 14:58 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Soyuz 39 Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut 6. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 55. Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 249 km (154 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 88.90 min. COSPAR: 1981-029A. USAF Sat Cat: 12366. Duration: 7.86 days. Decay Date: 1981-03-30. Crew: Dzhanibekov, Gurragcha. Flight: Salyut 6 EP-9, Salyut 6 EO-6.

    Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station the eighth international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising V A Dzhanibekov (USSR) and Z. Gurragchi (Mongolian People's Republic) to conduct scientific investigations and experiments.

1982 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-3.
  • STS-3 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Columbia F03 / OSS-1. Mass: 10,301 kg (22,709 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Columbia. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 241 km (149 mi). Apogee: 249 km (154 mi). Inclination: 38.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1982-022A. USAF Sat Cat: 13106. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1982-03-30. Crew: Fullerton, Lousma. Flight: STS-3.

    Manned two crew. Payloads: Office of Space Science (OSS) experiments, Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR), Electro-phoresis Verification Test (EEVT), Plant Lignification Experiment.

  • OSS-1 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1982-022xx. USAF Sat Cat: 13106. Decay Date: 1982-03-30.

  • DFI Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: DFI PLT. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1982-022xx. USAF Sat Cat: 13106. Decay Date: 1982-03-30.

1985 - 05:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/40. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM 328-01.
  • Ekran 14 Nation: USSR. Payload: Ekran s/n 28L. Mass: 1,970 kg (4,340 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Ekran . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 37,333 km (23,197 mi). Apogee: 37,457 km (23,274 mi). Inclination: 12.70 deg. Period: 1,519.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-024A. USAF Sat Cat: 15626. Completed Operations Date: 1987-11-01.

    Stationed at 99 deg E. Transmission of Central Television programmes to a network of receivers for collective use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg E in 1985-1987 As of 5 September 2001 located at 178.66 deg E drifting at 19.729 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 122.42E drifting at 19.716W degrees per day.

1985 - 17:33 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion NASA 31.49UU.
  • CWAS 10 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 91 km (56 mi).

1985 - 23:58 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas G Centaur. LV Configuration: Atlas G Centaur AC-63 / Centaur D-1AR 5043G.
  • Intelsat 5A F-10 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 36,237 km (22,516 mi). Apogee: 36,468 km (22,660 mi). Inclination: 7.20 deg. Period: 1,465.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-025A. USAF Sat Cat: 15629.

    Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1985-1990; 174 deg E in 1990-1994; 66 deg E in 1994-1995; 57 deg E in 1995-1996; 33 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 135.23 deg W drifting at 7.152 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 107.21W drifting at 7.157W degrees per day.

1988 - 14:07 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47111-221.
  • Cosmos 1934 Nation: USSR. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 947 km (588 mi). Apogee: 1,009 km (626 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 104.60 min. COSPAR: 1988-023A. USAF Sat Cat: 18985.

    Military navigation satellite.

1989 -
  • MAP Cosmonaut Training Group 5 selected. Nation: USSR.

    The group was selected to provide test pilots for Buran spaceplane.

1989 - 16:01 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion NASA 31.74UU.
  • CWAS 18 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1990 - Launch Vehicle: Babylon Gun, Tamouz.
  • Gerard Bull assassinated, ending the Tamouz and supergun projects. Nation: Iraq.

    It is commonly thought that he was killed by the Israelis, concerned not so much by the supergun work but rather dynamics research Bull was doing to improve Iraqi ballistic missiles. Three weeks later British Customs seized the final eight sections of the Babylon Gun.

1990 - 07:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 2062 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 221 km (137 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-024A. USAF Sat Cat: 20529. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-04-05.

    Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule.

1990 - 07:38 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 12. LV Configuration: Black Brant XII NASA 40.02UE.
  • Aurora mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi).

1990 - 10:03 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion NASA 31.70UE.
  • Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1991 - 12:19 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML.
  • Molniya 3-40 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 55. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,948 km (1,831 mi). Apogee: 37,374 km (23,223 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 717.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-022A. USAF Sat Cat: 21196.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1993 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
  • Shuttle Columbia Pad Abort Nation: USA. Program: STS. Spacecraft: Columbia. Flight: STS-55.

    The countdown for Columbia's launch was halted by on-board computers at T-3 seconds following a problem with purge pressure readings in the oxidizer preburner on main engine #2 Columbia's three main engines were replaced on the launch pad, and the flight was rescheduled behind Discovery's launch on STS-56. Columbia finally launched on April 26, 1993.

1993 - Launch Site: Alcantara. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Sonda. Model: Sonda 2. LV Configuration: Sonda 2 XV-57.
  • Maruda Ionosphere mission Nation: Brazil. Agency: INPE/IAE. Apogee: 102 km (63 mi).

1994 - 04:54 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U 76032992.
  • Progress M-22 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress M s/n 222. Mass: 7,103 kg (15,659 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 260 km (160 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1994-019A. USAF Sat Cat: 23035. Duration: 61.99 days. Completed Operations Date: 1994-05-23 04:48:12. Decay Date: 1994-05-23 04:48:12. Flight: Mir EO-15, Mir LD-4.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Launched into an initial 192 x 238 x 51.6 km orbit. Docked with Mir on 24 Mar 1994 06:39:37 GMT. Fired its engine around 15 May to raise the orbit of the Mir station from 381 x 400 km to 398 x 399 km. Undocked on 23 May 1994 00:58:38 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 May 1994 04:40:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 59.76 days.

1995 - 04:09 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 2310 Nation: Russia. Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 980 km (600 mi). Apogee: 1,010 km (620 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 105.00 min. COSPAR: 1995-012A. USAF Sat Cat: 23526.

    Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 2 of constellation.

1995 - 06:18 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas IIAS. LV Configuration: Atlas IIAS AC-115.
  • Intelsat 705 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 3,669 kg (8,088 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1995-013A. USAF Sat Cat: 23528.

    Stationed at 50.1 deg W. Launch vehicle put payload into supersynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 50 deg W in 1995-1996; 18 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 17.97 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 50.01W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

1995 - 16:44 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 2311 Nation: Russia. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1995-014A. USAF Sat Cat: 23530. Duration: 70.00 days. Decay Date: 1995-05-31.

    High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1995 -
  • Landing of Soyuz TM-20 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Flight: Mir EO-18, Mir EO-17, Mir LD-4.

    Soyuz TM-20 landed 22 km northeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan at 04:04 GMT with crew of Viktorenko, Kondakova and Polyakov aboard.

1996 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: DC-X. LV Configuration: DC-XA.
  • DC-XA arrives at White Sands Nation: USA.

1996 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: THAAD. LV Configuration: THAAD FT-05.
  • ABM test Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1996 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC94. Launch Pad: FIX. Launch Vehicle: Hera. LV Configuration: Hera 4.
  • BRV/THAAD Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 - 08:13 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-76.
  • STS-76 Nation: USA. Program: Mir. Payload: Atlantis F16 / Spacehab-SM. Mass: 6,753 kg (14,887 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Atlantis. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 394 km (244 mi). Apogee: 398 km (247 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.80 min. COSPAR: 1996-018A. USAF Sat Cat: 23831. Duration: 9.22 days. Decay Date: 1996-03-31. Crew: Chilton, Clifford, Godwin, Lucid, Searfoss, Sega. Flight: STS-76, Mir NASA-1, Mir EO-21.

    Shuttle-Mir Mission 3. Docked with the Mir space station 24 March 1996; Shannon Lucid was left on Mir for an extended stay. First American EVA on Mir. Payloads: SPACEHAB/Mir 03; KidSat; Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II, Configuration M; RME 1304—Mir/ Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP); orbiter docking system RME 1315; Trapped Ions in Space Experiment (TRIS); Extravehicular Activity Development Flight Test (EDFT) 04.

  • External Airlock/ODS Nation: USA. Program: Mir. Payload: EAL/ODS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1996-018xx. USAF Sat Cat: 23831. Decay Date: 1996-03-31. Flight: STS-76, Mir NASA-1, Mir EO-21.

2006 - 14:03 GMT - Launch Site: Point Arguello WADZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 36.0 N x 123.0 W. Launch Vehicle: Pegasus. Model: Pegasus XL. LV Configuration: Pegasus XL F37.
  • ST5-A Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Manufacturer: NASA/GSFC. Agency: NASA/GSFC. Perigee: 302 km (187 mi). Apogee: 4,539 km (2,820 mi). Inclination: 105.60 deg. Period: 136.90 min. COSPAR: 2006-008A. USAF Sat Cat: 28980.

    Space Technology 5 was one of NASA's New Millenium Program projects. It consisted of three small spacecraft, each a half meter in each dimension, with a small extensible magnetometer boom. Study of the magnetosphere was however secondary to the Nanosat Constellation Trailblazer technology mission. This was to demonstrate fully functional nanosatellites, which included a cold gas microthruster and miniaturized telemetry/command and power systems. The Pegasus rocket was dropped from the L-1011 carrier aircraft over the Pacific at 123 deg W x 36 deg N.

  • ST5-B Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Manufacturer: NASA/GSFC. Agency: NASA/GSFC. Perigee: 301 km (187 mi). Apogee: 4,540 km (2,820 mi). Inclination: 105.60 deg. Period: 136.90 min. COSPAR: 2006-008B. USAF Sat Cat: 28981.

  • ST5-C Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Manufacturer: NASA/GSFC. Agency: NASA/GSFC. Perigee: 303 km (188 mi). Apogee: 4,539 km (2,820 mi). Inclination: 105.60 deg. Period: 136.90 min. COSPAR: 2006-008C. USAF Sat Cat: 28982.

2008 -
  • EVA STS-123-5 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Crew: Foreman, Behnken. Flight: STS-123, ISS EO-16. EVA Duration: 0.25 days.

    The crew completed installation of the MISSE 6 sample exposure experiment; assisted in the installation of the OBSS arm, used to inspect the underside of the Shuttle, on the Station truss. The crew finally made inspections of the damaged Solar Alpha Rotary Joint, required to develop a future repair method.


Born on this day in:
  • 1964 - Nicholas James MacDonald Patrick.  British American Mission Specialist Astronaut. Birth City: Saltburn. Birth State: North Yorkshire. Birth Country: UK.

Died on this day in:
  • 1974 - Valeriy Dmitriyevich Kalmykov.  Russian Government Official.
  • 1991 - Viktor Ivanovich Kuznetsov.  Russian Engineer.
  • 1998 - Lloyd William Standley.  American Engineer.

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