March 25

See also Born on this Day
On this day in:

1655 -

  • Christiaan Huygens' Discovery of Saturn Moon Titan

1922 -
  • Goddard first thrust from liquid rocket engine Nation: USA.

    Goddard's test engine produced 4 pounds thrust for a brief period.

1943 - Launch Site: Peenemuende. Launch Complex: P7. Launch Vehicle: V-2. Model: V-2. LV Configuration: A-4 19. FAILURE: Control failure.
  • V-2 Test mission Nation: Germany. Agency: Wehrmacht.

    Staggering rotation of the rocket in flight, vertical flight, ending in an explosion. The engine burned for 28 seconds, and total flight was 102 seconds.

1949 -
  • XS-1 Flight 108 Nation: USA. Payload: XS-1 # 1 flight 65. Class: Manned. Type: Rocketplane. Spacecraft: XS-1. Crew: Everest.

    AF flight 43. Check of pressure suit for altitude operation. Mach 1.24 at 14640 m. Rocket fire and automatic engine shutdown.

1953 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Vehicle: Hermes A-2. Model: RV-A-10. LV Configuration: RV-A-10 3.
  • Hermes A-2 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1953 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Vehicle: Hermes A-2. Model: RV-A-10. LV Configuration: RV-A-10 4.
  • Hermes A-2 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1957 - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11. Model: R-11M.
  • R-11 Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: NII-88. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1959 - 05:25 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7. LV Configuration: R-7 No. 18.
  • R-7 GCh No. 15 (III-3) Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

    R-7 development test flight. (GCh No. 15 (III-3))

1960 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC25. Launch Pad: LC25B. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1 A1X-16.
  • Polaris A1 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1960 - 18:40 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee 150. Model: Aerobee 150A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150A NASA 04.12GT.
  • Aerobee 150 Test/Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

    Aerobee 150-A, a new type, fired from new launch tower at Wallops Station, reached an altitude of 140 km and achieved rocket performance objectives as well as micrometeorite impact counts.

1960 - 23:43 GMT - Launch Site: Edwards. Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 1-3-8.
  • X-15A Test mission Nation: USA. Program: X-15. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: X-15A. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi). Crew: Walker Joseph.

    Maximum Speed - 2124 kph. Maximum Altitude - 14822 m. Roll damper malfunctioned.

1961 - 01:49 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC13. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 16E. FAILURE: Electrical Failure.
  • Atlas E Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1961 - 05:54 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8K72K. Model: Vostok 8K72K. LV Configuration: Vostok 8K72K E103-15.
  • Korabl-Sputnik 5 Nation: USSR. Program: Vostok. Payload: Vostok 3KA s/n 2. Mass: 4,695 kg (10,350 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Vostok. Agency: RVSN. Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Apogee: 175 km (108 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 88.00 min. COSPAR: 1961-Iota-1. USAF Sat Cat: 95. Duration: 0.0600 days. Decay Date: 1961-03-25. Flight: Vostok 1.

    Carried dog Zvezdochka and mannequin Ivan Ivanovich. Ivanovich was again ejected from the capsule and recovered by parachute, and Zvezdochka was successfully recovered with the capsule on March 25, 1961 7:40 GMT.
    Officially: Development of the design of the space ship satellite and of the systems on board, designed to ensure man's life functions during flight in outer space and return to Earth. - Additional details.

1961 - 15:17 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Delta. LV Configuration: Thor Delta 295/D4.
  • Explorer 10 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: P-14. Mass: 35 kg (77 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: P-14. Agency: NASA. Perigee: 221 km (137 mi). Apogee: 181,100 km (112,500 mi). Inclination: 33.00 deg. Period: 5,013.90 min. COSPAR: 1961-Kappa-1. USAF Sat Cat: 98. Decay Date: 1961-06-30.

    Magnetic field data. Decay date suspect Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B).

1964 -
  • Boeing to develop the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Lunar Orbiter.

    The Boeing Company received NASA's go-ahead to develop the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. Two significant changes were made in the original Statement of Work:

    1. for the selenodetic part of the mission, the spacecraft lifetime was extended from 60 days to one year; and
    2. to expand the area of photographic coverage, the film capacity was increased.
1964 - Launch Site: San Marco. Launch Complex: Rita. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache.
  • Nike Apache Test mission Nation: Italy. Agency: CRA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1964 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Shotput.
  • Shotput Agency: NASA. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1964 - 03:25 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.120GE.
  • Nike Apache Auroral mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi).

1965 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF03. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 756.
  • Minuteman 1 Operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1965 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas E, Atlas F.
  • Six Atlas squadrons deactivated. Nation: USA.

    Forbes AFB SMS 548, Warren-3 AFB SMS 549, Altus AFB SMS 577, Dyess AFB SMS 578, Walker AFB SMS 579, and Plattsburgh AFB SMS 556 all deactivated

1965 - 00:06 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. LV Configuration: Skylark 7C SL141.
  • Skylark Ultraviolet Astronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi).

1965 - 02:15 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 395. Launch Pad: 395-B. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2. Model: Titan II. LV Configuration: Titan II B-60.
  • Titan 2 Arctic Sun Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

    Operational missile test

1965 - 05:34 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant II. LV Configuration: Black Brant II AA-2A-60.
  • Black Brant Ionosphere mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1965 - 10:04 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Model: Vostok 8A92. LV Configuration: Vostok 8A92 G15001-06.
  • Cosmos 64 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 17. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1965-025A. USAF Sat Cat: 1305. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-04-02.

    Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

1965 - 11:21 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Vehicle: Kappa 9. Model: Kappa 9M. LV Configuration: Kappa 9M K-9M-8.
  • Kappa 9 Aeronomy/Ionosphere mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi).

1965 - 21:11 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 75. Launch Pad: 75-3-4. Launch Vehicle: Thor Agena D. Model: Thor SLV-2A Agena D. LV Configuration: Thor SLV-2A Agena D 429 / Agena D SS-01B 1612.
  • KH-4A 1018 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-4A s/n 1018 / Agena D 1612. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-4A. Agency: NRO/CIA. Perigee: 237 km (147 mi). Apogee: 381 km (236 mi). Inclination: 96.00 deg. Period: 90.70 min. COSPAR: 1965-026A. USAF Sat Cat: 1307. Decay Date: 1965-04-04.

    KH-4A. Cameras operated successfully. First KH-4A reconnaissance system to be launched into a retrograde orbit.

1966 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1A. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1A 649 (63-130).
  • Minuteman 1 Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1966 - Launch Site: Point Arguello. Launch Complex: LC-A. Launch Vehicle: Nike Javelin.
  • Nike Javelin HITAB Technology mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1966 - 00:19 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.258IA.
  • Nike Apache ISRO 10.08 TERLS-42 Aeronomy mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 201 km (124 mi).

1966 - 09:42 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 395. Launch Pad: 395-C. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2. Model: Titan II. LV Configuration: Titan 2 s/n M68B-16 / 61-2770.
  • Titan 2 Close Touch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

    Operational missile test

1967 - 06:59 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 152 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 7. Mass: 325 kg (716 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 271 km (168 mi). Apogee: 472 km (293 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 91.90 min. COSPAR: 1967-028A. USAF Sat Cat: 2722. Completed Operations Date: 1967-06-08. Decay Date: 1967-08-05.

    Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space.

1968 - 1968 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC50. Launch Vehicle: Sprint. LV Configuration: Sprint ABM FLA-18. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Sprint Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA.

1968 - 04:02 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • MR-12 Aeronomy/Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1968 - 05:10 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • MR-12 Aeronomy/Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1968 - 06:00 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Vehicle: Nike-Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.271GM.
  • Nike-Cajun Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1968 - 12:58 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Vehicle: Nike-Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.272GM.
  • Nike-Cajun Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1968 - 19:20 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • MR-12 Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 181 km (112 mi).

1968 - 21:14 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. LV Configuration: Petrel P8H.
  • Petrel Ionosphere mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1968 - 22:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • MR-12 Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1969 -
  • First flight-model ALSEP delivered Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM.

    The first flight-model ALSEP arrived at KSC, where it would undergo software integration tests and be prepared for installation in the LM.

1969 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF03. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 1308.
  • Minuteman 1 FOT GT34B Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1970 - 03:20 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.907-4.
  • Nike Iroquois Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi).

1970 - 07:01 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.907-3.
  • Nike Iroquois Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 169 km (105 mi).

1971 -
  • DOS#1 Launch Commission. Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut. Spacecraft: Salyut 1. Flight: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 11, Soyuz 12 / DOS 1.

    The launch date, time, and first mission duration are debated. The VVS specialists now say a night landing by a Soyuz is acceptable from a safety point of view. Only two months earlier they were rejecting the possibility - these are people without principles, in Kamanin's view. He believes the crew's lives will be at risk with the planned thirty day flight duration.

1971 - 13:50 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. LV Configuration: Skylark 7C S56B/1. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Skylark ESRO S56B/1 Ionosphere-solar mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1972 - 02:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 480 Nation: USSR. Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Spacecraft: Sfera. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,173 km (728 mi). Apogee: 1,199 km (745 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 109.10 min. COSPAR: 1972-019A. USAF Sat Cat: 5905.

    Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1972 - 10:15 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Nike Javelin. Model: Nike Javelin 3.
  • Nike Javelin Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1972 - 10:39 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 481 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 46. Mass: 375 kg (826 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 277 km (172 mi). Apogee: 496 km (308 mi). Inclination: 70.00 deg. Period: 92.30 min. COSPAR: 1972-020A. USAF Sat Cat: 5906. Completed Operations Date: 1972-09-03. Decay Date: 1972-09-02.

    Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space.

1973 - 17:47 GMT - Launch Site: Syowa Base. Launch Vehicle: S-210. LV Configuration: S-210 S-210JA-14.
  • S-210 Auroral mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NIPR. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1978 - 18:09 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC40. Launch Pad: LC40. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3C. Model: Titan IIIC. LV Configuration: Titan IIIC 23C-17. FAILURE: Second stage hydraulic pump failure.
  • DSCS II-09 Nation: USA. Program: DSCS. Payload: DSCS II F-9. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: DSCS II. Agency: U.S. Air Force. COSPAR: F780325A. Decay Date: 1978-03-25.

    Launched with DSCS F10.

  • DSCS II F-10 Nation: USA. Program: DSCS. Payload: DSCS II F-10. Spacecraft: DSCS II. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F780325B.

1981 - 08:05 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Taurus Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Tomahawk NASA 34.05UE.
  • Taurus Tomahawk Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1982 - 09:50 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/1. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3.
  • Meteor 2-08 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor-2 no. 8. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 933 km (579 mi). Apogee: 957 km (594 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 103.90 min. COSPAR: 1982-025A. USAF Sat Cat: 13113.

    Acquisition of meteorological information and data on fluxes of penetrating radiation in circumterrestrial space.

1985 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2.
  • Cosmos 1643 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Apogee: 276 km (171 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-026A. USAF Sat Cat: 15634. Duration: 207.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-10-18.

    Photo/digital surveillance.

1986 - 19:26 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Pad: LC90. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2. Model: Tsiklon-2.
  • Cosmos 1737 Nation: USSR. Program: EORSAT. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Sigint. Type: Naval reconnaisance. Spacecraft: US-P. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 414 km (257 mi). Apogee: 426 km (264 mi). Inclination: 73.40 deg. Period: 93.00 min. COSPAR: 1986-025A. USAF Sat Cat: 16648. Decay Date: 1986-12-03.

    Ocean surveillance.

1988 - 19:50 GMT - Launch Site: San Marco. Launch Vehicle: Scout G. Model: Scout G-1. LV Configuration: Scout G-1 S206C.
  • San Marco D/L Nation: Italy. Payload: San Marco 5. Mass: 236 kg (520 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere. Spacecraft: San Marco. Agency: ASI. Perigee: 268 km (166 mi). Apogee: 625 km (388 mi). Inclination: 3.00 deg. Period: 93.50 min. COSPAR: 1988-026A. USAF Sat Cat: 19013. Decay Date: 1988-12-06.

    Upper atmosphere studies; US, France, Italy participation.

1992 - 1993 - 02:28 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 358-01.
  • Raduga 29 Nation: Russia. Payload: Raduga s/n 42L. Mass: 1,965 kg (4,332 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Raduga . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Inclination: 1.00 deg. Period: 1,436.30 min. COSPAR: 1993-013A. USAF Sat Cat: 22557.

    Telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes. Raduga 29 joined Raduga 22. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 12 deg E in 1993-1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 11.13 deg E drifting at 0.020 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 2 located at 61.26E drifting at 0.381E degrees per day.

1993 - 13:15 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Pad: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Start-1. Model: Start-1.
  • Start-1 Nation: Russia. Payload: EKA-1. Mass: 260 kg (570 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Start. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 681 km (423 mi). Apogee: 964 km (599 mi). Inclination: 75.80 deg. Period: 101.40 min. COSPAR: 1993-014A. USAF Sat Cat: 22561.

    Test flight of new booster based on SS-25 ICBM. Full-scale mock-up (actual weight) for the flight-design testing of the Start-1 carrier rocket. Experimental satellite launched by a Start-1 carrier rocket from the Plesetsk launch site.

1993 - 21:38 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas I. Model: Atlas I. LV Configuration: Atlas I AC-74 / Centaur I 5054. FAILURE: Atlas engine failure. Loss of booster engine thrust resulted in a lower-than planned 1560 km x 1900 km orbit.
  • UHF F1 Nation: USA. Program: UHF. Payload: UHF F/O F1. Mass: 2,866 kg (6,318 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 36,053 km (22,402 mi). Apogee: 36,098 km (22,430 mi). Inclination: 21.10 deg. Period: 1,450.90 min. COSPAR: 1993-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 22563. Completed Operations Date: 1993-07-01.

    US Navy communications; Ultra High Frequency Follow On; unusable orbit. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle was to have put payload into subsynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. As of 28 August 2001 located at 45.55 deg W drifting at 3.676 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 95.89E drifting at 3.687W degrees per day.

1995 - 08:55 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 10CM1. LV Configuration: Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.031UE.
  • Black Brant Ionosphere/Release mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

1996 -
  • Comet Hyakutake Near-Earth Flyby (0.10 AU)

1997 - 03:15 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.158UL.
  • Black Brant Hale-Bopp Ultraviolet Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

1998 - 01:45 GMT - Launch Site: Arecibo. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant VC. LV Configuration: Black Brant VC NASA 21.115UE.
  • Black Brant Coqui Dos Ionosphere/Release mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1998 - 17:01 GMT - Launch Site: Taiyuan. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2C/SD. Model: Chang Zheng 2C-III/SD. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2C-III/SD CZ2C-17 (50).
  • Iridium 51 Nation: USA. Program: Iridium. Payload: Iridium s/n SV051. Mass: 689 kg (1,518 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: LM 700. Manufacturer: LM-S/Motorola. Agency: Iridium. Perigee: 751 km (466 mi). Apogee: 756 km (469 mi). Inclination: 86.45 deg. Period: 99.90 min. COSPAR: 1998-018A. USAF Sat Cat: 25262.

    Plane 4. Ascending node 262.5 degrees. Not in service.

  • Iridium 61 Nation: USA. Program: Iridium. Payload: Iridium s/n SV061. Mass: 689 kg (1,518 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: LM 700. Manufacturer: LM-S/Motorola. Agency: Iridium. Perigee: 776 km (482 mi). Apogee: 780 km (480 mi). Inclination: 86.40 deg. Period: 100.40 min. COSPAR: 1998-018B. USAF Sat Cat: 25263.

    Plane 4. Ascending node 262.5 degrees.

1999 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-50.
  • Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1999 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-50.
  • Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

2000 - 20:34 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC2. Launch Pad: SLC2W. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7326-9.5. LV Configuration: Delta 7326-9.5 D277.
  • IMAGE Nation: USA. Mass: 536 kg (1,181 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Ionosphere. Spacecraft: IMAGE. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin, Sunnyvale. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 1,408 km (875 mi). Apogee: 45,461 km (28,248 mi). Inclination: 89.43 deg. Period: 854.09 min. COSPAR: 2000-017A. USAF Sat Cat: 26113.

    Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration was a MIDEX (mid-sized Explorer mission) developed by NASA-Goddard and the SWRI (Southwest Research Institute) of San Antonio, Texas. The spin-stabilised spacecraft carried a set of neutral atom and ultraviolet imagers, and antennae to study radio wavelength emissions from the magnetosphere plasma. The RPI radio plasma imager has four long wire antennae which will be deployed to a span of half a kilometre.

2002 - 14:15 GMT - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: SLS. Launch Pad: SLS. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2F. Model: Chang Zheng 2F. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2F CZ2F-3 (66).
  • Shenzhou 3 Nation: China. Mass: 7,800 kg (17,100 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Shenzhou. Manufacturer: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. Agency: China Aerospace Corp. (China). Perigee: 374 km (232 mi). Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Inclination: 42.40 deg. Period: 92.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-014A. USAF Sat Cat: 27397. Duration: 6.78 days. Decay Date: 2002-04-01.

    The third unmanned test of the Shenzhou spacecraft was delayed almost three months when a defective connector was found on the booster after roll-out to the pad in January 2002. The vehicle was disassembled, and all suspect connectors were replaced. The stand-down also revealed ten previously undetected defects in the space capsule. The spacecraft, the first all-up flight model with a functioning (but deactivated) launch escape system, was finally launched and placed into an initial 197 x 326 km x 42.4 deg orbit at 1425 UTC. At about 2120 UTC Shenzhou used its own engine to raise its orbit to 332 x 337 km. The capsule included a dummy astronaut instrumented to monitor life support systems. The descent module returned to Earth on April 1 at 0851 UTC, landing in Inner Mongolia. The orbital module remained in orbit to carry out further experiments, finally being deorbited on 12 November 2002. The spacecraft carried 44 scientific payloads, including a medium-resolution imaging radiometer developed by Chinese Academy of Sciences, installed on the instrument pallet atop the orbital module.

2003 - 09:50 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 10CM1. LV Configuration: Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.034UE.
  • Black Brant HEX H Auroral/release mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

2003 - 10:09 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Complex: LC3. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Model: Terrier Improved Orion. LV Configuration: Terrier Improved Orion NASA 41.034UE.
  • Terrier Orion HEX V Auroral/release mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

2006 - 03:15 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion.
  • HyShot 3 Nation: Australia. Manufacturer: UQU, QinetiQ. Agency: UQU, QinetiQ. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi).

    The 100-kg test British-design scramjet engine was boosted to an altitude of 314 km during a 10-minute flight. It and the attached second stage then were re-oriented to point back to the Earth. The scramjet was successfully ignited at a speed of Mach 8 in the tiny six-second window of opportunity shortly before impact.

2006 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: Orion. LV Configuration: Orion s/n NASA 30.064DR.
  • Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/NAWC NAWC/Winstead. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

    Target

2006 - 13:07 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. LV Configuration: Orion s/n NASA 30.065DR.
  • HyShot 4 Nation: Australia. Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Manufacturer: UQU, QinetiQ. Agency: UQU, QinetiQ. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi).

    A repeat of the test four days earlier, this time with a Japanese-designed scramjet. The nosecone of the rocket failed to jettison and therefore scramjet ignition was not achieved. The scramjet and second stage remains were located in the desert and recovered after only 20 minutes of searching.


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