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March 28
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See also Born on this Day On this day in: 1802 - - Wilhelm Olbers' Discovery of Asteroid 2 Pallas
1935 - Launch Vehicle: Goddard A. -
Flight of Goddard A series rocket reaches 4,800 feet. Nation: USA. Apogee: 1.46 km (0.91 mi). Rocket had improved gyro stabilisation; length 14 ft 9 3/4 in.; empty weight 78 1/2 lb; altitude 4800 ft; average speed 550 mph; corrected its flight perfectly several times, for several hundred feet; horizontal distance, 13,000 ft; total time of flight, 20 sec.
1952 - Launch Site: Holloman. Launch Complex: SLED. Launch Vehicle: Snark. LV Configuration: XSSM-A-3. -
Snark Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).
1957 - 01:22 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC6. Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Jupiter A. LV Configuration: Redstone CC-30. -
Redstone Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at 2022 hours EST from AMR. The flight was successful from the standpoint of missions accomplished, with cut-off time 112 seconds and separation time 126 seconds after range zero time. Impact point was 220 meters short and 320 meters to the right, a radial miss distance of 390 meters, primary objective was to test the accuracy of the guidance system when the missile was fired in a short range trajectory at an extreme altitude to range ratio. Missed aimpoint by 390 m.
1960 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
1960 - -
Mercury astronaut first open-water egress training. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Spacecraft: Mercury. Between March 28,1960 and April 1, 1960, the astronauts received their first open-water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, in cooperation with the Navy's School of Aviation Medicine. The training was conducted in conditions of up to 10-foot swells, and no problems were experienced. The average egress time was about 4 minutes from a completely restrained condition in the spacecraft to being in the life raft.
1960 - Launch Site: Akita. Launch Vehicle: Kappa 8. LV Configuration: Kappa 8 K-8D-1. -
Kappa 8 Test mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).
1961 -
1961 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC19. Launch Vehicle: Titan 1. Model: Titan I. LV Configuration: Titan I AJ-14. -
Titan 1 Mk 4 re-entry vehicle test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1962 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC38. Launch Vehicle: Nike Zeus. -
Nike Zeus Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).
1962 - 00:03 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Nike-Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.41GA. -
Nike-Cajun Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi).
1963 - -
Manned Earth Orbiting Laboratory. Nation: USA. Spacecraft: MORL. Associate Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr., asked Abraham Hyatt of Headquarters to organize a task team to study the concept of a Manned Earth Orbiting Laboratory. Seamans pointed out that such a laboratory was under consideration by several government agencies and that NASA and the Department of Defense were at that time supporting a number of advanced feasibility studies. He said that such a laboratory bore a very heavy interrelationship between manned space flight, space sciences, and advanced research and technology and that NASA's top management was faced with the decision whether to initiate hardware development. Hyatt's aft's team thus must examine broadly the needs of an orbiting laboratory from NASA's viewpoint, as well as that of outside agencies, and the operational and scientific factors impinging on any possible decision to undertake hardware development.
1963 - 00:15 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee 150. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.30GG. -
Aerobee 150 Ultraviolet Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).
1963 - 07:54 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.08UA. -
Nike Apache Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).
1963 - 09:30 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Vehicle: HAD. LV Configuration: HAD HAD 118. -
HAD Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE. Apogee: 133 km (82 mi).
1963 - 19:06 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.09UA. -
Nike Apache Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).
1963 - 20:06 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.87CI. -
Nike Apache Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).
1963 - 20:11 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC34. Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. LV Configuration: Saturn I SA-4. -
Saturn I Test mission Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi). Fourth suborbital test of Saturn I. The S-I Saturn stage reached an altitude of 129 kilometers (80 statute miles) and a peak velocity of 5,906 kilometers (3,660 miles) per hour. This was the last of four successful tests for the first stage of the Saturn I vehicle. After 100 seconds of flight, No. 5 of the booster's eight engines was cut off by a preset timer. That engine's propellants were rerouted to the remaining seven, which continued to burn. This experiment confirmed the "engine-out" capability that MSFC engineers had designed into the Saturn I.
1965 - 07:01 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Vehicle: Kappa 9. Model: Kappa 9M. LV Configuration: Kappa 9M K-9M-10. -
Kappa 9 Ionosphere/Plasma mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi).
1965 - 15:50 GMT - Launch Complex: CVE-25 U. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache AE5.296.
1966 -
1966 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Brigitte. Launch Vehicle: Saphir. Model: Saphir VE231. LV Configuration: Saphir VE231 R2. -
Saphir Re-entry Vehicle Test mission Nation: France. Agency: ONERA. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1966 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: ALARR. -
ALARR Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 46 km (28 mi).
1967 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Bacchus. Launch Pad: Bacchus?. Launch Vehicle: Centaure. LV Configuration: Centaure C145. -
Centaure CNES C145 Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).
1968 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Pad: LC41/15. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65. -
Kosmos 11K65 VKZ Solar Ultraviolet mission? Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 4,000 km (2,400 mi).
1968 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Vehicle: Dauphin. LV Configuration: Dauphin DA004. -
Dauphin Test mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).
1968 - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: Pad 1. Launch Vehicle: Athena. LV Configuration: Athena B044. -
Athena USN B044 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).
1968 - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: Pad 2. Launch Vehicle: Athena. LV Configuration: Athena D068. -
Athena USAF D068 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).
1968 - 01:32 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache ISRO 10.15. -
Nike Apache ISRO 10.15 Ionosphere mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).
1968 - 16:31 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.346GR. -
Nike Apache Radio Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).
1969 - -
Military Soyuz plan rejected Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Kutakhov is having trouble selling Kamanin's plans for military spaceflights and the appointment of Beregovoi to the General Staff. Marshal Zakharov has rejected the plan for ten military Soyuz, as he had done with similar earlier plans for Vostok and Voskhod. As far as he is concerned, manned spaceflight has no significant military potential.
1969 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A2. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E. -
Polaris A2 Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1969 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A2. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E. -
Polaris A2 Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1969 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A2. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E. -
Polaris A2 Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1969 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A2. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E. -
Polaris A2 Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1969 - 07:01 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee 150. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NRL NB3.205. -
Aerobee 150 Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NRL. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).
1969 - 07:32 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Nike-Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.296GM. -
Nike-Cajun Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).
1969 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
1970 - 15:45 GMT - Launch Site: Sonmiani. Launch Vehicle: Nike-Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun Rehbar 22. -
Nike-Cajun Aeronomy mission Nation: Pakistan. Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 141 km (87 mi).
1971 - 19:42 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Vehicle: MR-12. LV Configuration: MR-12 MR-12. -
MR-12 Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).
1972 - 12:12 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Paiute Apache. FAILURE: Failure. -
Paiute Apache Auroral mission? Nation: USA. Agency: NSF.
1973 - 17:51 GMT - Launch Site: Villa Reynolds. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 6 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 6 AC SL1181. -
Skylark Earth imaging mission Nation: UK. Agency: BAC. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi).
1974 - 04:05 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Ute Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Ute Tomahawk CRL A09.303-3. -
Ute Tomahawk Churchill 74 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF CRL. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).
1976 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.195GE. -
Nike Tomahawk Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).
1977 - 15:17 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC25. Launch Pad: LC25C. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 C4X-3. -
Trident C-4 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1977 - 19:06 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Vehicle: MR-12. LV Configuration: MR-12 MR-12. -
MR-12 Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Plasma mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).
1977 - 22:31 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Vehicle: MR-12. LV Configuration: MR-12 MR-12. -
MR-12 Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Plasma mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 169 km (105 mi).
1978 - 01:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 53746-314.
1979 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF09. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. -
Minuteman 3 OT GT39GM operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).
1979 - 15:38 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 2. LV Configuration: Petrel 2 P208A. -
Petrel Ionosphere mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 169 km (105 mi).
1980 - 06:26 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Astrobee F. LV Configuration: Astrobee F NASA 25.59UH. -
Astrobee F X-ray Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 198 km (123 mi).
1981 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. FAILURE: Failure of launch vehicle.
1981 - 01:54 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant VB. LV Configuration: Black Brant VB AAF-VB-55. -
Black Brant FALCONS Ionosphere/Plasma/Fields mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi).
1981 - 01:54 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IVB. LV Configuration: Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-37. -
Black Brant FALCONS Ionosphere/Plasma/Fields mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC?. Apogee: 675 km (419 mi).
1983 - 15:52 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3. Launch Pad: SLC3W. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. Model: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 73E / Star-37S-ISS.
1986 - - ICE, Comet Halley Distant Flyby Spacecraft: ISEE.
1986 - 23:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 2/3. Model: Ariane 3. LV Configuration: Ariane 3 V17.
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Brasilsat A2 Nation: Brazil. Program: Brasilsat. Mass: 1,243 kg (2,740 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Agency: Telebras. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 4.60 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1986-026B. USAF Sat Cat: 16650. Stationed at 105 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory Financial/Operational: Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 70 deg W in 1986-1995; 92 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 62.91 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 7 located at 32.58W drifting at 2.263W degrees per day.
1988 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Jubilee.
1989 - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Vehicle: Sonda 4. LV Configuration: Sonda 4 PT-04. -
Sonda 4 Test mission Nation: Brazil. Agency: IAE. Apogee: 821 km (510 mi).
1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. -
Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. -
Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. -
Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. -
Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
1995 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Aries.
1995 - Launch Vehicle: Terrier LEAP. LV Configuration: Terrier LEAP Hughes LEAP.
1995 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Pad: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Start. Model: Start. FAILURE: Fell in Sea of Okhotsk. -
Gurwin 1 Nation: Israel. Payload: TECHSAT-1. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Gurwin. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F950328A. Decay Date: 1995-03-28.
1995 - 23:14 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP+ V71.
1996 - 00:21 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7925 D234.
1999 - 01:29 GMT - Launch Site: Kiritimati. Launch Complex: Odyssey. Launch Pad: Sea Launch Odyssey. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-3SL. Model: Zenit-3SL. -
DemoSat Nation: USA. Payload: HS 702. Mass: 4,500 kg (9,900 lb). Class: Technology. Manufacturer: Boeing, Kent/Seattle. Agency: SeaLaunc. Perigee: 658 km (408 mi). Apogee: 36,045 km (22,397 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. COSPAR: 1999-014A. USAF Sat Cat: 25661. The first Boeing Sea Launch mission. The Zenit-3SL lifted off from the Odyssey floating platform on the equator at 154 degrees West longitude. The DemoSat payload was an instrumented dynamic model of an HS-702 satellite built by Boeing Commercial Space/Kent. 13 minutes after launch, the Block DM-SL upper stage completed its first burn and entered a 180 km x 735 km x 1.2 degree parking orbit. A second burn 47 minutes after launch placed DemoSat in a 638 km x 36,064 km x 1.2 degree geostationary transfer orbit. Three hours later, a third DM-SL burn lowered the stage's perigee so that it would re-enter quickly.
1999 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.141UH. -
Black Brant X-ray Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).
2003 - 01:27 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: Y. Launch Vehicle: H-2A. Model: H-IIA 2024. LV Configuration: H-2A/2024 (F5).
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IGS-1b Nation: Japan. Mass: 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Radarsat. Spacecraft: IGS. Perigee: 489 km (303 mi). Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). Inclination: 97.30 deg. Period: 94.20 min. COSPAR: 2003-009B. USAF Sat Cat: 27699. Radar satellite.
2005 - -
EVA ISS EO-10-2 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Crew: Chiao, Sharipov. Flight: ISS EO-10. EVA Duration: 0.19 days. The EO-10 crew exited in Orlan suits from the Pirs airlock. They installed communications and GPS antennae to support rendezvous and docking by the European ATV unmanned logistics vehicle. Sharipov placed a 5 kg nanosatellite into space, Nanosputnik, into orbit. Other external trash was also released.
Born on this day in:
Died on this day in: - 1969 - Dwight David Eisenhower
. American Politician.
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© Mark Wade, 1997 - 2007 except where otherwise noted.
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