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1944 - Launch Vehicle: Redstone.

  • Project Hermes Nation: USA.

    Ordnance Department entered into a research and development contract with the General Electric Company for study and development of long-range missiles that could be used against ground targets and high-altitude aircraft. This was the beginning of the Hermes project.

1947 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas.
  • First static firing of MX-774 Nation: USA.

    Unsuccessful, small fire.

1947 - 23:47 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: V-2. LV Configuration: V-2 Special. FAILURE: Failure.
  • G.E. Special test Nation: USA. Agency: GE. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi).

    Launched 16:47 local time. Reached 26.8 km. Carried no upper atmospheric research experiments. Technology flight for General Electric.

1953 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hermes. Model: Hermes A-3A. LV Configuration: Hermes A-3A 6.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1953 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Deacon. Model: Triple Deacon HPAG.
  • E10 Hypersonic test Nation: USA. Agency: NACA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1954 - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: R-7.
  • R-7 draft project approved. Nation: USSR.

    Council of Soviet Ministers (SM) Decree 'On approval of the R-7 draft project' was issued.

1956 -
  • X-1E Flight 14 Nation: USA. Payload: X-1E flight 14. Class: Manned. Type: Rocketplane. Spacecraft: X-1E. Crew: Walker Joseph.

    NACA flight 13. No engine operation, ignition failure due to lack of manifold pressure.

1957 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Double Cajun T40.
  • MW-2 model test flight Nation: USA. Agency: NACA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1959 - 10:51 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp NASA 03.17CA.
  • Sodium release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 236 km (146 mi).

1959 - 17:11 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC29A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1X-3.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1959 - 18:16 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun AA6.164C.
  • Diurnal density Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

1959 - 19:25 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC1E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Agena A. LV Configuration: Thor Agena A 212 / Agena A 1050.
  • Discoverer 8 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-1 9005 / Agena A 1050. Mass: 795 kg (1,752 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-1. Agency: U.S. Air Force. Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Apogee: 1,661 km (1,032 mi). Inclination: 80.50 deg. Period: 103.50 min. COSPAR: 1959-Lambda-1. USAF Sat Cat: 25. Decay Date: 1960-03-08.

    KH-1; 1st generation low resolution photo surveillance; film capsule recovery failed. Mission failed. Eccentric orbit negating recovery.

1959 - 21:06 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: R-7. LV Configuration: R-7 I2-1T.
  • Phase 3 test flight Nation: USSR. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi).

    Flight over full missile design range.

1961 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V. Model: Saturn C-5.
  • Rosen Group recommends direct ascent for the lunar landing mission mode Nation: USA. Program: Apollo.

    Milton W. Rosen, Director of Launch Vehicles and Propulsion, NASA Office of Manned Space Flight (OMSF), submitted to D. Brainerd Holmes, Director, OMSF, the report of the working group which had been set up on November 6. - Additional details.

1961 -
  • North American to proceed with the Paraglider Development Program. Nation: USA. Program: Gemini. Spacecraft: Gemini.

    Manned Spacecraft Center notified North American to proceed with Phase II-A of the Paraglider Development Program. A letter contract, NAS 9-167, followed on November 21; contract negotiations were completed February 9, 1962; and the final contract was awarded on April 16, 1962. Phase I, the design studies that ran from the beginning of June to mid-August 1961, had already demonstrated the feasibility of the paraglider concept. Phase II-A, System Research and Development, called for an eight-month effort to develop the design concept of a paraglider landing system and to determine its optimal performance configuration. This development would lay the groundwork for Phase II, Part B, comprising prototype fabrication, unmanned and manned flight testing, and the completion of the final system design. Ultimately Phase III-Implementation-would see the paraglider being manufactured and pilots trained to fly it.

1961 - Launch Site: Warren AFB. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas E.
  • Atlas SMS 549 operational. Nation: USA.

    Warren-3 AFB SMS 549 operational

1961 - 18:04 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 2C. LV Configuration: Skylark-2C NASA 9.04GG.
  • Southern Sky Survey Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 209 km (129 mi).

1962 - 21:41 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 300A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 300A NASA 06.06GA.
  • Thermosphere Probe 1 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 345 km (214 mi).

1963 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3X-44.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1965 - 00:37 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache Ferdinand 12.
  • Ferdinand 12 Ionosphere mission Nation: Norway. Agency: NDRE. Apogee: 122 km (75 mi).

1965 - 05:20 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.239UE.
  • Auroral emissions Aurora mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1965 - 08:28 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 KP3.8.
  • Stellar Spectra Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: KPNO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 - 17:53 GMT - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Bechar. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Dragon 1. LV Configuration: Dragon D-8.
  • MPE Ba-16? Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 404 km (251 mi).

1966 - 02:45 GMT - Launch Site: Yuma. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Martlet. Model: Martlet 2.
  • Y-21 Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi).

1966 - 04:21 GMT - Launch Site: Yuma. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Martlet. Model: Martlet 2.
  • Y-22 Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi).

1966 - 05:37 GMT - Launch Site: Yuma. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Martlet. Model: Martlet 2.
  • Y-23 Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 111 km (68 mi).

1966 - 06:59 GMT - Launch Site: Yuma. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Martlet. Model: Martlet 2.
  • Y-24 Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 147 km (91 mi).

1967 - 03:00 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: RH. Model: RH-75. LV Configuration: RH-75 1.
  • TERLS-54 test Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi).

    First RH-75 launch.

1967 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: RH. Model: RH-75. LV Configuration: RH-75 2.
  • Test mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi).

1967 - 10:42 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.228CG.
  • AS&E X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1968 -
  • Soyuz spacesuit review Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1, Soyuz. Spacecraft: Yastreb, Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 3, Soyuz 4, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 4/5.

    Kamanin attends an Yastreb spacesuit review with VVS doctors. The suit removes 200 cal/hour, but when the cosmonaut is exerting himself, he will generate 3 to 4 times more than this. So the cabin is chilled to 18 deg C prior to the EVA, and there will be lots of pauses during preparations to exit the spacecraft. The L1 cosmonaut-engineers at the meeting have little zero-G experience, and need to get a lot more. The new oxygen generating system for the L1 is still not complete. It will be 6 to 8 kg lighter than the old system (using calcium instead of the old material). Mishin insists that the new system should be completed and installed. Ground qualification testing will be completed on 1 January, but the system will not be flight-proven - Kamanin believes it needs test on low earth orbit missions before being adopted for lunar flights. Beregovoi's experience on Soyuz 3 is reviewed. He needed more time to adapt to zero-G before being required to attempt a docking. He had the impression he was upside-down and had intestinal tract problems.

1968 -
  • Soviet manned circumlunar flight set for February Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz, Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 4, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1, Soyuz 4/5.

    Titov still would prefer to be a test pilot, not a cosmonaut. The Soyuz group is scheduled to complete their training and to depart for the cosmodrome on 20 December for final preparations. Leonov's L1 group is to complete their training on 20 January 1969, then depart to the cosmodrome for a flight to the moon in February.

1968 - 07:08 GMT - Launch Site: Johnston Island. Launch Complex: LE1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor DSV-2J. LV Configuration: Thor DSV-2J 252.
  • AFP-437 combat evaluation interceptor mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,158 km (719 mi).

1968 - 11:24 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.283GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1968 - 13:24 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.284GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1968 - 22:45 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Loki. Model: Super Loki.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1969 -
  • EVA Apollo 12-3 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar lander. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Crew: Conrad, Bean. Flight: Apollo 12. EVA Duration: 0.0014 days.

    Threw excess equipment out of LM before lift-off.

1969 - 00:30 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 3 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 3 AC SL801.
  • Solar ultraviolet Spectrum / PHC Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Nation: UK. Agency: BAC. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi).

1969 - 03:54 GMT -
  • EVA Apollo 12-2 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar lander. Spacecraft: Surveyor. Crew: Conrad, Bean. Flight: Apollo 12. EVA Duration: 0.16 days.

    Moonwalk to Surveyor 3, which had landed two years before. Recovered parts of Surveyor 3 which seemed to show that Earth bacteria could survive for that period in space and be revived.

1970 -
  • X-24 Flight 20 Nation: USA. Payload: X-24A flight 20. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: X-24A. Crew: Gentry.

    Maximum Speed - 1456 kph. Maximum Altitude - 20604 m. Flight Time - 432 sec.

1970 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.458UA.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1970 - 22:19 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.901-6.
  • Release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1970 - 22:19 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.917-1.
  • Release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1970 - 22:23 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AT07.896.
  • Mass spectrometer Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1970 - 22:23 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AT07.895.
  • Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).

1970 - 22:26 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.917-3.
  • Release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1970 - 22:26 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.917-2.
  • Release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi).

1970 - 23:29 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.460UM.
  • UM Pitot 52 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 181 km (112 mi).

1971 - 07:21 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 NASA 13.57GG.
  • Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1971 - 08:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 NASA 13.58GG.
  • Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1971 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47114-106.
  • Cosmos 457 Nation: USSR. Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Spacecraft: Sfera. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,183 km (735 mi). Apogee: 1,218 km (756 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 109.40 min. COSPAR: 1971-099A. USAF Sat Cat: 5614.

    Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1972 - 04:54 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 3. LV Configuration: Skylark 3 S94.
  • ESRO S94 X-ray Astronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

1972 - 17:07 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 200A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 200A NASA 26.13GT.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1973 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC104. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-36M.
  • Joint flight trials launch Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1973 - 12:29 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 608 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 69. Mass: 400 kg (880 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 269 km (167 mi). Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 92.20 min. COSPAR: 1973-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 6941. Completed Operations Date: 1974-07-13. Decay Date: 1974-07-10.

    Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space.

1974 - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 HRV. Launch Vehicle: Jaguar. Model: Jabiru 3. LV Configuration: Jabiru 3 J-7.
  • Test mission Nation: UK. Agency: RAE. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1974 - 09:46 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy/Chemical release/Plasma mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1974 - 11:59 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 695 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 73. Mass: 400 kg (880 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 273 km (169 mi). Apogee: 468 km (290 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 92.00 min. COSPAR: 1974-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 7538. Completed Operations Date: 1975-05-10. Decay Date: 1975-07-15.

    Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space.

1975 - 02:06 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta 2910. LV Configuration: Delta 2910 604/D117.
  • Explorer 55 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: AE E. Mass: 721 kg (1,589 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere. Spacecraft: AE. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 154 km (95 mi). Apogee: 3,002 km (1,865 mi). Inclination: 19.70 deg. Period: 117.70 min. COSPAR: 1975-107A. USAF Sat Cat: 8440. Decay Date: 1981-06-10.

    Atmospheric Explorer. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B).

1978 - 17:23 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3TA.
  • Demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: RN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1981 - 01:37 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta 3910/PAM. LV Configuration: Delta 3910/PAM 640/D158.
  • RCA Satcom 4; RCA Satcom 3R Nation: USA. Program: Satcom. Payload: Satcom 3R. Mass: 1,078 kg (2,376 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: RCA Amer. Perigee: 35,824 km (22,259 mi). Apogee: 35,840 km (22,260 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,438.40 min. COSPAR: 1981-114A. USAF Sat Cat: 12967. Completed Operations Date: 1991-04-10.

    Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 131 deg W in 1981-1991 As of 3 September 2001 located at 86.96 deg W drifting at 0.634 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 140.04W drifting at 0.601W degrees per day.

1981 - 08:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: LC107/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47193-468.
  • Bhaskara 2 Nation: India. Payload: SEO B. Mass: 444 kg (978 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Bhaskara. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 368 km (228 mi). Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Inclination: 50.60 deg. Period: 92.00 min. COSPAR: 1981-115A. USAF Sat Cat: 12968. Decay Date: 1991-11-30.

    Experimental earth observations. Launched from a cosmodrome in the USSR.

1985 - 10:19 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Taurus Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.09UE.
  • CRRES Test Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1986 - 12:09 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-2BL.
  • Cosmos 1793 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #51. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,455 km (2,146 mi). Apogee: 36,922 km (22,942 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 718.20 min. COSPAR: 1986-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 17134.

    Replaced Cosmos 1687. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 313 degree longitude of ascending node.

1987 - 23:47 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2.
  • Progress 33 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress s/n 140. Mass: 6,895 kg (15,200 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 326 km (202 mi). Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.20 min. COSPAR: 1987-094A. USAF Sat Cat: 18568. Duration: 28.58 days. Completed Operations Date: 1987-12-20 13:36:48 PM. Decay Date: 1987-12-20 13:36:48 PM. Flight: Soyuz TM-3, Mir LD-1.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Space station orbit at rendezvous was 326 km x 343 km. Docked on 23 Nov 1987 01:39:13 GMT. Undocked on 19 Dec 1987 08:15:46 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Dec 1987 13:37:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.30 days. Total docked time 26.28 days.

1988 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.44DS.
  • HRTS 6 / ASL-San Marco Test / solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1989 - 02:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8B. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8B NASA 27.123UG.
  • Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1990 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
  • Backup shuttle carrier aircraft. Nation: USA.

    In the event of loss of N905NA, which has been in service for 15 years, NASA purchases a second 747, N911NA, for use as a shuttle carrier.

1990 - 02:33 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-2BL.
  • Cosmos 2105 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #67. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,936 km (1,202 mi). Apogee: 38,453 km (23,893 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 718.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-099A. USAF Sat Cat: 20941.

    Covered Oko constellation planes 3/4 - 12 degree longitude of ascending node.

1990 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC131. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Model: Rokot. LV Configuration: Rokot-K No. 1L.
  • Naryad-V Nation: USSR. Agency: VKS. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

    Noted as a suborbital test mission; but one Russian source indicates the payload was a Naryad-V satellite. That would indicate a failure to achieve orbit. No other information is available on the 'Naryad-V'.

1990 - 23:11 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 42P. LV Configuration: Ariane 42P V40.
  • Satcom C1 Nation: USA. Program: Satcom. Payload: Satcom C1. Mass: 1,169 kg (2,577 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: GE Ameri. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-100A. USAF Sat Cat: 20945.

    Stationed at 137 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 137 deg W in 1990-1991; 139 deg W in 1991; 137 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 78.98 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 151.83E drifting at 3.912W degrees per day.

  • GStar 4 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 1,295 kg (2,854 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-100B. USAF Sat Cat: 20946.

    Stationed at 125 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 125 deg W in 1990-1992; 105 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 104.95 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 74.47W drifting at 4.077W degrees per day.

1990 -
  • Landing of STS-38 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-38.

    STS-38 landed at 21:40 GMT. Landed at: Runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Landing Speed: 359 kph. Touchdown miss distance: 430.00 m. Landing Rollout: 2,712.00 m.

1991 - 08:05 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-36M. Model: R-36M2 15A18M.
  • Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1991 - 19:15 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 2171 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 187 km (116 mi). Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1991-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 21787. Duration: 59.00 days. Decay Date: 1992-01-17.

    High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1992 - 15:29 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 2220 Nation: Russia. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 164 km (101 mi). Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1992-077A. USAF Sat Cat: 22226. Duration: 59.00 days. Decay Date: 1993-01-18.

    High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1993 - 01:17 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP+ V61.
  • Solidaridad 1 Nation: Mexico. Program: Morelos. Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Tele Mex. Perigee: 35,766 km (22,223 mi). Apogee: 35,811 km (22,251 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1993-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 22911.

    Stationed at 109.2 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.71 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 102.54W drifting at 0.027W degrees per day.

  • Meteosat 6 Nation: Europe. Payload: MOP 3. Mass: 704 kg (1,552 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteosat. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 2.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-073B. USAF Sat Cat: 22912.

    Stationed at 0 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg W in 1994-1997; deg W in 1997-1998; 9 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 9.14 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 36.89E drifting at 0.610E degrees per day.

1994 - 00:39 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/39. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 371-01.
  • Cosmos 2294 Nation: Russia. Payload: Glonass s/n 62L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,057 km (11,841 mi). Apogee: 19,203 km (11,932 mi). Inclination: 65.90 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1994-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 23396.

    Glonass navigation satellite.

  • Cosmos 2295 Nation: Russia. Payload: Glonass s/n 63L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,105 km (11,871 mi). Apogee: 19,155 km (11,902 mi). Inclination: 65.90 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1994-076B. USAF Sat Cat: 23397.

    Glonass navigation satellite.

  • Cosmos 2296 Nation: Russia. Payload: Glonass s/n 64L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,122 km (11,881 mi). Apogee: 19,138 km (11,891 mi). Inclination: 65.90 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1994-076C. USAF Sat Cat: 23398.

    Glonass navigation satellite.

1995 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 N. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.126UG.
  • Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 - 1998 - Launch Site: Barking Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aries. LV Configuration: Aries TTV-1.
  • TTV-1 Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA SMDC. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi).

1998 - 06:40 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/23. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K. LV Configuration: Proton-K 395-01.
  • Zarya Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Payload: FGB 77KM s/n 175-01. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: ISS Zarya. Manufacturer: Khrunichev. Agency: NASA. Perigee: 397 km (246 mi). Apogee: 402 km (249 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. COSPAR: 1998-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 25544.

    This was the first launch in the assembly of the International Space Station. The Zarya FGB was funded by NASA and built by Khrunichev in Moscow under subcontract from Boeing for NASA. Its design from the TKS military station resupply spacecraft of the 1970’s and the later 77KS Mir modules. Zarya included a multiple docking adapter, a pressurised cabin section, and a propulsion/instrument section with a rear docking port. Initial orbit was 176 lm x 343 km x 51.6 degrees. By November 25 it had manoeuvred to a 383 km x 396 km x 51.7 degree orbit, awaiting the launch of Shuttle mission STS-88 which docked the Unity node to it.

1999 - 01:35 GMT - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: RH. Model: RH-300 Mk II.
  • LMS Ionosphere / meteorology mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

2000 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47165-631. FAILURE: Second stage failed to restart at apogee.
  • QuickBird 1 Nation: USA. Mass: 950 kg (2,090 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Civilian. Spacecraft: Early Bird. Manufacturer: Ball Aerospace, Boulder. Agency: EarthWat. Perigee: 80 km (49 mi). Apogee: 614 km (381 mi). Inclination: 65.70 deg. Period: 91.49 min. COSPAR: 2000-074A. USAF Sat Cat: 26617. Decay Date: 2000-11-21.

    The Kosmos-3M second stage entered an 81 x 614 km x 65.8 deg orbit but failed to restart at apogee, and reentered at the next perigee over Uruguay. The loss of the QuickBird 1 satellite was a heavy blow to EarthWatch Inc. QuickBird1 was a 1-m resolution commerical imaging satellite using a Ball Aerospace BCP-2000 bus. Their earlier satellite, EarlyBird, failed after a few days in orbit in December 1997. EarthWatch's rival, SpaceImaging, lost one satellite as well but its second Ikonos was operating in orbit.

2002 - 01:33 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Terrier. Model: Terrier Orion. LV Configuration: Terrier Orion NASA 41.039DP.
  • VALPE (fairing) test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

2002 - 22:39 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC37B. Launch Pad: SLC37B. Launch Vehicle: Delta IV. Model: Delta IV Medium+ (4.2). LV Configuration: Delta 4M+(4,2) D4-1 (293) 4240.
  • Eutelsat W5 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Payload: W1A. Mass: 3,170 kg (6,980 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Manufacturer: Alcatel Space. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.50 min. COSPAR: 2002-051A. USAF Sat Cat: 27554.

    Maiden flight of the Delta 4 EELV booster, delayed due to development problems from January and November 2001, April 30, July 15, August 31, October 9, November 3, 16 and 19. EUTELSAT W5 was a European (EUTELSAT Consortium) geostationary communication spacecraft. EUTELSAT W5 was to provide voice, video, and Internet services to all countries in western Europe, central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent through its 24 Ku-band transponders after being parked over 70.5° E longitude. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 70.55E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

2004 -
  • Cassini, Post Titan A Apoapsis Maneuver (OTM-6), Successful Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Cassini.

2004 - 17:16 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: SLC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta 7320-10C. LV Configuration: Delta 7320-10C D309.
  • Swift Nation: USA. Payload: SA-200LL. Mass: 1,331 kg (2,934 lb). Class: Astronomy. Type: Gamma. Spacecraft: Swift. Manufacturer: Spectrum Astro. Agency: NASA. Perigee: 584 km (362 mi). Apogee: 604 km (375 mi). Inclination: 20.60 deg. Period: 96.60 min. COSPAR: 2004-047A. USAF Sat Cat: 28485.

    NASA Medium-class Explorer satellite dedicated to study of gamma ray bursts, the third after the IMAGE and WMAP satellites. Delayed from December 5 and 29, 2003, January 14, April 29, July 15, September 1, October 7 and 26, November 8, 11, 17, 18 and 19.

2005 -
  • Hayabusa (MUSES-C), first Asteroid 25143 Itokawa Sample Collection, Failed Nation: Japan. Spacecraft: Hayabusa.


Born on this day in:
  • 1913 - Li Xun.  Chinese Engineer. Birth City: Shaoyang. Birth State: Hunan. Birth Country: China.
  • 1968 - James Patrick Dutton Jr.  American Pilot Astronaut. Birth City: Eugene. Birth State: Oregon. Birth Country: USA.

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