Molniya orbit

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Molniya orbit

Category of spacecraft.

Subtopics

Molniya-1 Russia's first military communications satellite. Built by OKB-1 (#1L-7L); NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM) (#8L-35L). Launched 1967 - 1975. Used KAUR-2 bus.

Jumpseat American military signals intelligence satellite. Jumpseat signals intelligence satellites were launched by Titan 3B or 34B into highly elliptic Molniya-type orbits.Built by Hughes for USAF, USA. Launched 1971 - 1983. Used HS-318 bus.

Molniya-2 Russian communications satellite. Molniya-2 was the elliptical orbit component of the Soviet YeSSS communications satellite system. Communication satellite built by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM), Russia. Launched 1971 - 1977. Used KAUR-2 bus.

Oko Russian military early warning satellite. Work on the Soviet Union's first infrared ICBM launch detection satellite began in 1967 as the USK - space system to observe rocket launches.

Molniya-3 Russian communications satellite. Development of the Molniya-2M communications satellite, later called Molniya-3, began in 1972. Flight trials began in November 1974. Communication satellite built by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM), Russia. Launched 1974 - 2003. Used KAUR-2 bus.

Molniya-1T Russian military communications satellite. This was a modernized Molniya-1 communications satellite with the 'Beta' retransmitter which began flight tests in 1970. Communication satellite built by NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki (NPO PM), Russia. Launched 1983 - 2004. Used KAUR-2 bus.

SDS American military communications satellite. SDS satellites, put into Molniya-type orbits, provided data relay services for optical reconnaissance and other military spacecraft. Communication satellite built by Hughes for USAF, USA. Launched 1976 - 1987. Used the HS-350 bus bus.

SDS-2 American military communications satellite. Comsat / Relay satellite built by Hughes for USAF, USA. Launched 1989 - 1996. Used the HS-386 bus.

Mayak satellite Russian communications satellite. Study 1990. In 1990 the Applied Mechanics NPO announced that it was developing a successor to the Molniya series of spacecraft.

Nord satellite Russian communications satellite. Study 1992. The Lavochkin NPO proposed the Nord highly elliptical communications systems in 1992. Nord was described as a 4-satellite network of 2,300-kg spacecraft launched by the Rus booster.

Trumpet American military signals intelligence satellite. 3 launches, 1994.05.03 (USA 103) to 1997.11.08 (USA 136). ELINT satellite built by Boeing for USAF, USA. Launched 1994 - 1997.

Tyulpan Comsat Russian communications satellite. By 1994 Lavochkin's Tyulpan system was promoted more heavily than its earlier Nord system.

CAPRICORN American military communications satellite. One launch, 1998.01.29, USA 137. There was no firm information on this classified satellite for the National Reconnaissance Office.

SDS-3 American military communications satellite, provided data relay services for optical reconnaissance and other military spacecraft. Operational, first launch 2000.12.06. Comsat / Relay, early warning satellite built by for USAF, USA. Launched 1998 - 2014.

Jumpseat-2 American military signals intelligence satellite. 2 launches, 2006.06.25 (USA 200) to 2008.03.13 (USA 200).

Meridian Russian new-generation military 12-hour elliptical orbit communications satellite designed to replace the Molniya series. Communication satellite built by ISS Reshetnev (ex NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki, NPO PM), Russia. Launched 2006 - 2014. Used 3-Axis stabilized Uragan-M bus.

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