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Lavochkin bureau
Russian manufacturer of aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft, Moscow, Russia.

AKA: Lavochkin;OKB-301. Location: Moscow.

OKB-301 was founded in 1937 as OKB-301. Under Chief Designer Lavochkin the bureau built thousands of fighters during World War II. It was less successful in getting any of its post-war jet-engined prototypes into production. In any case the bureau had begun to concentrate on development of surface-to-air missiles. The development began with a copy of the German Wasserfall, the R-101. Lavochkin subsequently developed the S-25 system (SA-1) for the air defense of Moscow - the Soviet Union's first operational surface-to-air missile.

In 1953 SAM activities were spun off to a new design bureau under Grushin, Lavochkin's deputy. OKB-301 was given responsibility for development of the Burya trisonic intercontinental cruise missile. This, like the American Navaho, was considered at the time an obviously better technical solution than the untried intercontinental ballistic missile. Burya was flight tested successfully in 1957-1959 but not put into production due to the superiority of the less-costly invulnerable intercontinental ballistic missiles.

Lavochkin died in 1960 at a time when the bureau had basically no projects left on its table. The bureau was dissolved and its staff and facilities taken over by Chelomei's OKB-52 in December 1962. However following the overthrow of Khrushchev, Chelomei's patron, Korolev managed to have the bureau resurrected in 1965 with the objective of handling further development of automated lunar and interplanetary probes. Under the supervision of Chief Designer Babakin, the bureau developed the unmanned spacecraft that returned soil from the moon, placed the Lunokhod rover on the lunar surface, and landed probes on the surfaces of Mars and Venus. Later the bureau expanded its scope to develop third generation Soviet communications and reconnaissance satellites.



Country: Russia. Spacecraft: Navigator bus, Venera 3MV-1A, Venera 3MV-1, Venera 3MV-4, Venera 3MV-3, Venera 1V (V-67), Venera 2V (V-69), Mars 5NM, Luna Ye-8, Mars M-69, Luna Ye-8-5, Venera 3V (V-70), Mars M-71, Luna Ye-8-LS, DLB Beacon Lander, Venera 3V (V-72), Prognoz, Oko, Mars M-73, Luna Ye-8-5M, Venera 4V-1, Prognoz SPRN, Mars 5M, Astron, Venera 4V-2, Vega 5VK, Vega 5VS, Fobos 1F, Granat, Zerkalo, Ekol, Nord satellite, Tekos, Geostar-MSS, Tyulpan Comsat, Prognoz-M, Mars M1, Arkon-1, Kupon, IRDT, Monitor. Launch Vehicles: R-117, Dal, Burya La-350, Dal-2, Dal-M.

1997 January 10 - . Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
1997 April 9 - . 08:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
1997 May 14 - . 00:33 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC43/4. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
1997 June 6 - . 16:56 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/17S40.
1997 August 14 - . 20:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1997 November 12 - . 17:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2M.
1998 April 29 - . 04:36 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC200/39. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
1998 May 7 - . 08:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
1999 December 27 - . 19:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
2000 February 8 - . 23:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC31. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz-U-PVB.
2001 August 24 - . 20:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/24. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
2002 April 1 - . 22:07 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
2002 December 24 - . 12:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
2003 April 24 - . 04:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC81/24. LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K/DM-2.
2004 February 18 - . 07:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
2005 June 21 - . 19:46 GMT - . Launch Site: Barents Sea Launch Area. Launch Pad: 69.5 N x 34.2 E. Launch Platform: K-496. LV Family: R-29. Launch Vehicle: Volna. FAILURE: Failure.
2006 July 21 - . 04:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
2007 October 23 - . 04:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: Plesetsk LC16/2. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.

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