Tsiklon

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Tsiklon

Part of R-36

Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. On 16 March and 1 August 1961 the Central Committee and Politburo approved development of Chelomei’s UR-200 (8K81) universal rocket. The UR-200 was to orbit Chelomei’s IS (Istrebitel Sputnik) ASAT; the US (Upravlenniye Sputnik) nuclear-powered naval intelligence satellite; and the Raketoplan combat re-entry vehicle. Trial flights of the missile began on 4 November 1963.

On October 13, 1964, Khrushchev was ousted from power. The new leadership, under Brezhnev, was adverse to all projects Khrushchev had supported. These included those of Chelomei. An expert commission under M V Keldysh was directed to examine all of Chelomei’s projects and make recommendations as to which should be cancelled. Keldysh found that Yangel’s R-36 rocket was superior to Chelomei’s UR-200 and that the Raketoplan was technically overly ambitious. The UR-200 and Raketoplan were accordingly cancelled, while the IS and US satellites were redesigned for launch by the R-36.

A government decree of 24 August 1965 formalised the decision and the Yangel bureau began design work in 1966. Required modifications to the R-36 were minimal; the IS and US Raketoplan-derived payloads had their own engines for insertion into final orbit. The Tsyklon 11K67 first test version was an adaptation of the 8K67 (SS-9 Mod 1) two stage ICBM and flew only briefly (1967 to 1968). It was quickly replaced by the definitive 11K69 Tsyklon 2 launch vehicle. The military project manager was L A Dolnikov.

AKA: 11K67;F-1;Scarp;SL-11. Status: Operational 1967. First Launch: 1967-10-27. Last Launch: 1969-01-25. Payload: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Thrust: 2,366.00 kN (531,897 lbf). Gross mass: 182,000 kg (401,000 lb). Height: 39.70 m (130.20 ft). Diameter: 3.00 m (9.80 ft).

2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x 8S671 + 1 x 8S672

Country: Ukraine. Spacecraft: IS-A, IS-P, US-A. Agency: Yuzhnoye.

Photo Gallery

R-36 ICBM

R-36
Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

8K67 Model
Credit: © Mark Wade

R-36U
Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

R-36 Family

R-36U2
Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

R-36 ICBM
Structural test model of R-36 ICBM / Space launcher
Credit: © Mark Wade

R-36
Credit: © Mark Wade

Improved survival
Chart showing survivability of vented tunnel design for ICBM deployment
Credit: © Mark Wade

Nuclear effect
Chart showing effects of nearby nuclear explosion on conventional ICBM silo
Credit: © Mark Wade

Test model of R-36
Test model of R-36 ICBM
Credit: © Mark Wade

11K69 Model
Credit: © Mark Wade

Tsiklon on pad
Tsiklon on pad at Plesetsk

Tsiklon 3 on Pad

Tsiklon-2
Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

Tsiklon-3
Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

Tsyklon-2
Tsyklon on pad
Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

Tsyklon-3
Credit: Ukrainian Space Agency

1965 January 12 - . LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon.

R-36 'sealed round' version development authorised. - . Nation: Russia. State Committee for Defence Technology (GKOT) Decree 'On Detailed Work on Ampulized R-36 and R-36-O Missiles--design work on the R-36 and R-36-O missiles' was issued..

1967 July 21 - . LV Family: R-36. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon.

R-36 ICBM accepted into service. - . Nation: Russia. Decree 'On approval of the R-36 ICBM variant with countermeasures to overcome anti-ballistic missiles and on adoption of the R-36 ICBM into armaments' was issued..

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