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Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1
Part of Lunar L1
L1 lunar craft
L1 lunar craft
L1 lunar craft in assembly. Note the very extensive equipment boxes above the capsule, and the clear hatch providing entry into the side of the capsule. Is this a 'podsadka' L1?
Credit: RKK Energia
Planned first manned circumnavigation of the moon. It was decided after the American Apollo 8 lunar orbital flight in December 1968 to cancel any 'second place' Soviet manned circumlunar flights.

Launched: 1969 March. Number crew: 2 .

On 24 September 1968 Bykovsky/Rukavishnikov were the prime candidates for the first Soviet circumlunar flight. Just three days later, when the crews were named, Leonov was selected as commander of the first mission, with Makarov as the flight engineer. Soviet plans to beat America around the moon were upstaged by the sudden decision to fly Apollo 8 into lunar orbit over Christmas 1968. Given problems with obtaining a trouble-free Soyuz 7K-L1 unmanned flight, it would probably not have been possible to make a Soviet equivalent flight until March 1969. It was decided after the American success to cancel any 'second place' Soviet manned circumlunar flights.


More at: Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1.

People: Kuklin, Makarov, Leonov. Projects: Lunar L1.

1965 August 20 - .
1965 December 20 - .
1965 December 31 - . LV Family: N1. Launch Vehicle: N1 1964.
1966 January 24 - .
1966 April 27 - .
1966 May 3 - .
1966 May 19 - .
1966 May 20 - .
1966 July 27 - .
1966 August 11 - .
1966 September 2 - .
1966 September 2 - .
1966 October 10 - .
1966 November 17 - .
1966 November 19 - .
1966 December 6 - .
1966 December 7 - .
1966 December 10 - .
1966 December 24 - . LV Family: Proton. Launch Vehicle: Proton-K.
1966 December 31 - .
1967 May 16 - . 21:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
1968 February 7 - . 10:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Baikonur LC1. LV Family: R-7. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. FAILURE: At T+524.6 sec Stage 3's engine 11D55 cut off prematurely because it ran out of fuel due to an excessive fuel consumption rate through the gas-generator.. Failed Stage: U.
1968 September 28 - .
1968 October 1 - .
1968 November 9 - .
1968 November 10 - .
1968 November 13 - .
1968 November 14 - .
1968 November 15 - .
1968 November 20 - .
1968 December 4 - .
1968 December 25 - . Launch Vehicle: N1.
1968 December 27 - .
1969 March - .

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