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Gemini

Gemini preflight

Gemini preflight
Gemini spacecraft being prepared in the shop.
Credit: NASA

American manned spacecraft. Gemini was conceived as an 'upgraded Mercury' to test essential orbital maneuvering, rendezvous, docking, lifting re-entry, and space walking techniques in the four years between the last Mercury flight and the first scheduled Apollo flight. If fulfilled this mission, and numerous variants that never reached production would have serviced manned space stations and taken Americans around and to the moon - at lower cost and earlier than Apollo. Built by McDonnell-Douglas for NASA, USA. Launched 1965 - 1966.

Status: Operational 1964. First Launch: 1964-04-08. Last Launch: 1966-11-11. Number: 13 . Thrust: 706 N (158 lbf). Gross mass: 3,851 kg (8,490 lb). Unfuelled mass: 3,396 kg (7,486 lb). Specific impulse: 273 s. Height: 5.67 m (18.60 ft).

It was obvious to NASA that there was a big gap of three to four years between the last Mercury flight and the first scheduled Apollo flight. There would therefore be no experience in the US in understanding the problems of orbital maneuvering, rendezvous, docking, lifting re-entry, and space walking before the Apollo flights, which required all of these to be successfully accomplished to complete the lunar landing mission.

Gemini began as Mercury Mark II to fill this gap. The concept was to enlarge the Mercury capsule's basic design to accommodate two crew, provide it with orbital maneuvering capability, use existing boosters to launch it and an existing upper rocket stage as a docking target. The latest aircraft engineering was exploited , resulting in a modularized design that provided easy access to and changeout of equipment mounted external to the crew's pressure vessel. In many ways the Gemini design was ahead of that of the Apollo, since the project began two years later . The crew station layout was similar to that of the latest military fighters; the capsule was equipped with ejection seats, inertial navigation, the pilot's traditional 8-ball attitude display, and radar. The escape tower used for Mercury was deleted; the propellants used in the Titan II launch vehicle, while toxic, corrosive, poisonous, and self-igniting, did not explode in the manner of the Atlas or Saturn LOX/Kerosene combination. The ejection seats served as the crew escape method in the lower atmosphere, just as in a high-performance aircraft. The seats were also needed for the original landing mode, which involved deployment of a huge inflated Rogallo wing (ancestor of today's hang gliders) with a piloted landing on skids at Edwards Dry Lake. In the event, the wing could not be made to deploy reliably before flights began, so the capsule made a parachute-borne water landing, much to the astronauts' chagrin.

All around the Gemini was considered the ultimate 'pilot's spacecraft', and it was also popular with engineers because of its extremely light weight. The capsule allowed recover of a crew of two for only 50% more than the Mercury capsule weight, and half of the weight per crew member of the Apollo design. The penalty was obvious - it was christened the 'Gusmobile' since diminutive Gus Grissom was the only astronaut who was said to be able to fit into it. The crew member was crammed in, shoulder to shoulder with his partner, his helmet literally scrunched against the hatch, which could be opened for space walks. With the crew unable to fully stretch out unless an EVA was scheduled, living in the capsule was literally painful on the long missions (Gemini 5 and 7). Getting back into the seat and getting the hatch closed in an inflated suit in zero gravity was problematic and would have been impossible if the spacewalking astronaut was incapacitated in even a minor way.

Early on it was proposed that the Gemini could be used for manned circumlunar or lunar missions at a fraction of the cost and much earlier than Apollo. Truth be told, a Gemini launched atop a Titan 3E or Saturn IVB Centaur could have accomplished a circumlunar flight as early as 1966 and, using earth orbit rendezvous techniques, a landing at least a year before Apollo. But the capsule, while perhaps suited as a ferry vehicle to space stations, would have been quite marginal for the lunar mission due to the cramped accommodation. But mainly NASA was fully committed to the Apollo program, which was grounded on a minimum three man crew and minimum 10,000 pound command module weight.

At a cost of 5% of the Apollo project, NASA staged twelve flights, ten of them manned, in the course of which the problems of rendezvous, docking, and learning how to do work in a spacesuit in zero-G were tackled and solved. It is said that not much of this was fed back to Apollo, since the two projects had completely different sets of contractors and there was little cross-fertilization in the rendezvous and docking areas. But it is undeniable that important issues in regard to working in zero-G were discovered and solved and both flight and ground crews gained experience that would make the Apollo flights successful.

Gemini was to have continued to fly into the 1970's as the return capsule of the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. However with the MOL's cancellation in 1969 work at McDonnell came to an end and the last models of the finest spacecraft ever built were scrapped.

Unit Cost $: 13.000 million. Crew Size: 2. Habitable Volume: 2.55 m3. RCS total impulse: 1,168 kgf-sec. Spacecraft delta v: 98 m/s (321 ft/sec). Electric System: 151.00 kWh. Electric System: 2.16 average kW.


More at: Gemini.

Subtopics

Gemini AM American manned spacecraft module. 12 launches, 1964.04.08 (Gemini 1) to 1966.11.11 (Gemini 12).

Gemini EM American manned spacecraft module. 12 launches, 1964.04.08 (Gemini 1) to 1966.11.11 (Gemini 12).

Gemini: Lunar Gemini The Gusmobile might have gotten on the moon faster, quicker, cheaper (but not better...)

Gemini RM American manned spacecraft module. 12 launches, 1964.04.08 (Gemini 1) to 1966.11.11 (Gemini 12).

Gemini LOR American manned lunar lander. Study 1961. Original Mercury Mark II proposal foresaw a Gemini capsule and a single-crew open cockpit lunar lander undertaking a lunar orbit rendezvous mission, launched by a Titan C-3.

Gemini Lunar Lander American manned lunar lander. Study 1961. A direct lunar lander design of 1961, capable of being launched to the moon in a single Saturn V launch through use of a 2-man Gemini re-entry vehicle instead of the 3-man Apollo capsule.

Gemini-Centaur American manned lunar flyby spacecraft. Study 1962. In the first Gemini project plans, it was planned that after a series of test dockings between Gemini and Agena rocket stages, Geminis would dock with Centaur stages for circumlunar flights.

Gemini Transport American logistics spacecraft. Study 1963. This Gemini Transport version was proposed as a Gemini program follow-on in 1963. With the extended reentry module, this was the ancestor of the Big Gemini spacecraft of the late 1960's.

Gemini Ferry American manned spacecraft. Study 1963. The Gemini Ferry vehicle would have been launched by Titan 3M for space station replenishment.

Gemini Ferry AM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1963.

Gemini Ferry CM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1963.

Gemini Ferry RM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1963.

Gemini 1 Manned spacecraft prototype satellite built by McDonnell-Douglas for NASA, USA. Launched 1964.

Gemini Pecan American manned space station. Study 1964.

Gemini - Saturn I American manned lunar flyby spacecraft. Study 1964. In the spring of 1964, with manned Apollo flights using the Saturn I having been cancelled, use of a Saturn I to launch a Gemini around the moon was studied.

Gemini - Saturn IB American manned lunar flyby spacecraft. Study 1964.

Gemini - Saturn V American manned lunar orbiter. In late 1964 McDonnell, in addition to a Saturn 1B-boosted circumlunar Gemini, McDonnell proposed a lunar-orbit version of Gemini to comprehensively scout the Apollo landing zones prior to the first Apollo missions.

Gemini 3 First spacecraft to maneuver in orbit. First manned flight of Gemini spacecraft. First American to fly twice into space. Manual reentry, splashed down 97 km from carrier.

Gemini 4 First American space walk. First American long-duration spaceflight. Astronaut could barely get back into capsule after spacewalk. Failure of spacecraft computer resulted in high-G ballistic re-entry.

Gemini - Double Transtage American manned lunar orbiter. Study 1965. In June 1965 astronaut Pete Conrad conspired with the Martin and McDonnell corporations to advocate an early circumlunar flight using Gemini.

Gemini 5 First American flight to seize duration record from Soviet Union. Mission plan curtailed due to fuel cell problems; mission incredibly boring, spacecraft just drifting to conserve fuel most of the time. Splashed down 145 km from aim point.

GATV 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Docking Target satellite for NASA, USA. Launched 1965 - 1966.

Gemini 7 Record flight duration (14 days) to that date. Incredibly boring mission, made more uncomfortable by the extensive biosensors. Monotony was broken just near the end by the rendezvous with Gemini 6.

Gemini 6 First rendezvous of two spacecraft. Originally was to dock with an Agena target, but this blew up on way to orbit. Decision to rendezvous with upcoming Gemini 7 instead. Mission almost lost when booster ignited, then shut down on pad.

Extended Mission Gemini American manned spacecraft. Study 1965. A McDonnell concept for using Gemini for extended duration missions. The basic Gemini would dock with an Agena upper stage.

Gemini Satellite Inspector American manned spacecraft. Study 1965. A modification of Gemini to demonstrate rendezvous and inspection of noncooperative satellites was proposed. The Gemini would rendezvous with the enormous Pegasus satellite in its 500 x 700 km orbit.

Gemini 8 First docking of two spacecraft. After docking with Agena target, a stuck thruster aboard Gemini resulted in the crew nearly blacking out before the resulting spin could be stopped. An emergency landing in the mid-Pacific Ocean followed.

Gemini Lunar Surface Rescue Spacecraft American manned lunar lander. Study 1966. This version of Gemini would allow a direct manned lunar landing mission to be undertaken in a single Saturn V flight, although it was only proposed as an Apollo rescue vehicle.

Gemini LSRS AM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1966. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft, dimensions of propellant tanks.

Gemini LSRS LM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1966. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft, dimensions of propellant tanks.

Gemini LSRS LOIM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1966. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft, dimensions of propellant tanks.

Gemini LSRS RM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1966. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft.

Gemini 9A Planned mission, cancelled when prime crew killed in T-38 trainer crash. All subsequent crew assignments were reshuffled. This ended up determining who would be the first man on the moon.…

Gemini 9 Third rendezvous mission of Gemini program. Agena target blew up on way to orbit; substitute target's shroud hung up, docking impossible. EVA almost ended in disaster when astronaut's face plate fogged over; barely able to return to spacecraft.

Gemini 10 First free space walk from one spacecraft to another. First rendezvous with two different spacecraft in one flight. Altitude (763 km) record. Exciting mission with successful docking with Agena, flight up to parking orbit where Gemini 8 Agena was stored.

Gemini 11 First docking with another spacecraft on first orbit after launch. First test of tethered spacecraft. Speed (8,003 m/s) and altitude (1,372 km) records.

Gemini-B Experimental manned spacecraft built by McDonnell-Douglas for USAF, USA. Launched 1966.

Gemini 12 First completely successful space walk. Final Gemini flight. Docked and redocked with Agena, demonstrating various Apollo scenarios including manual rendezvous and docking. Successful EVA without overloading suit by use of suitable restraints.

Gemini Paraglider American manned spacecraft. The paraglider was supposed to be used in the original Gemini program but delays in getting the wing to deploy reliably resulted in it not being flown.

Gemini Observatory American manned spacecraft. Study 1966. Proposed version of Gemini for low-earth orbit solar or stellar astronomy. This would be launched by a Saturn S-IB. It has an enlarged reentry module which seems to be an ancestor of the 'Big Gemini' of 1967.

Rescue Gemini American manned rescue spacecraft. Study 1966. A version of Gemini was proposed for rescue of crews stranded in Earth orbit. This version, launched by a Titan 3C, used a transtage for maneuvering.

Winged Gemini American manned spaceplane. Study 1966. Winged Gemini was the most radical modification of the basic Gemini reentry module ever considered.

Gemini Lunar RM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1967. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft.

Gemini Lunar Surface Survival Shelter American manned lunar habitat. Study 1967. Prior to an Apollo moon landing attempt, the shelter would be landed, unmanned, near the landing site of a stranded Apollo Lunar Module.

Gemini LSSS LM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1967. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft, dimensions of propellant tanks.

Gemini LSSS SM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1967. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft.

Gemini LORV American manned lunar orbiter. Study 1967. This version of Gemini was studied as a means of rescuing an Apollo CSM crew stranded in lunar orbit. The Gemini would be launched unmanned on a translunar trajectory by a Saturn V.

Gemini LORV RM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1967. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft.

Gemini LORV SM American manned spacecraft module. Study 1967. Calculated mass based on mission requirements, drawing of spacecraft, dimensions of propellant tanks.

Big Gemini American manned spacecraft. Reached mockup stage 1967.

Big Gemini AM American manned spacecraft module. Reached mockup stage 1967. Earth orbit maneuver and retrofire.

Big Gemini CM American manned spacecraft module. Reached mockup stage 1967. Space station resupply.

Big Gemini RV American manned spacecraft module. Reached mockup stage 1967. Crew and cargo return.

Gemini B American manned spacecraft. Cancelled 1969. Gemini was extensively redesigned for the MOL Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. The resulting Gemini B, although externally similar, was essentially a completely new spacecraft.

Gemini Technical Description Gemini System Details

By Gemini to Mars! In the 1960's many considered use of the cramped two-man Gemini reentry vehicle for journeys to the moon problematic. But there was even a proposal for use of Gemini on a mission to Mars…

Family: Manned spacecraft. People: McDonnell, Schirra, Grissom, Cooper, See, Borman, Lovell, McDivitt, Gordon, Aldrin, Conrad, Armstrong, Stafford, Young, Collins, White, Bean, Scott, Williams, Clifton, Anders, Cernan. Country: USA. Engines: Star 13E. Spacecraft: Gemini AM, Gemini EM, Gemini RM, Gemini Agena Target Vehicle, Atlas Target Docking Adapter. Flights: Gemini 3, Gemini 4, Gemini 5, Gemini 7, Gemini 6, Gemini 8, Gemini 9A, Gemini 9, Gemini 10, Gemini 11, Gemini 12. Launch Vehicles: Titan II GLV. Propellants: N2O4/MMH. Launch Sites: Cape Canaveral, Cape Canaveral LC19, Cape Canaveral LC40. Agency: NASA, NASA Houston. Bibliography: 137, 16, 18, 183, 2, 2066, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2151, 2152, 2153, 2155, 2156, 2157, 2158, 2161, 2166, 2167, 2168, 2169, 2170, 2171, 22, 2204, 2205, 26, 27, 279, 33, 344, 40, 44, 483, 6, 60, 66, 4951, 12482, 12483.
Photo Gallery

Gemini6 in orbitGemini6 in orbit
Gemini6 in orbit view e
Credit: NASA


Gemini SpacecraftGemini Spacecraft
Credit: © Mark Wade


Gemini Control PanelGemini Control Panel
Control panel of the basic Gemini (454 x 383 pixel image).
Credit: NASA


Gemini Control PanelGemini Control Panel
Control panel of the basic Gemini (903 x 765 pixel image).
Credit: NASA


Gemini Control PanelGemini Control Panel
Gemini Control Panel - close-up of the second astronaut (right hand side) controls.
Credit: NASA


Gemini Control PanelGemini Control Panel
Gemini Control Panel - close-up of the centre panel and overhead controls.
Credit: NASA


Gemini Control PanelGemini Control Panel
Gemini Control Panel - close-up of the command astronaut (left hand seat) controls.
Credit: NASA


Titan 2 GeminiTitan 2 Gemini
The Titan 2 ICBM was used for launch of the Gemini manned spacecraft.
Credit: NASA


Gemini Control PanelGemini Control Panel
Gemini control panel - close-up of the pedestal controls between the two astronauts.
Credit: NASA


Gemini 1Gemini 1
Credit: Manufacturer Image


Gemini 4Gemini 4
Credit: Manufacturer Image


MOL MockupMOL Mockup
Credit: Manufacturer Image


Gemini ParagliderGemini Paraglider
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Mercury II StationMercury II Station
Credit: NASA


Early Gemini ConceptEarly Gemini Concept
Credit: NASA


GeminiGemini
Credit: © Mark Wade


Gemini6 in orbitGemini6 in orbit
Gemini6 in orbit view g
Credit: NASA


Gemini 6 in orbitGemini 6 in orbit
Gemini 6 in orbit view d
Credit: NASA


Gemini6 in orbitGemini6 in orbit
Gemini6 in orbit view f
Credit: NASA


Gemini6 in orbitGemini6 in orbit
Gemini6 in orbit view j
Credit: NASA


Gemini 6 2Gemini 6 2
View of Gemini 6 during the Gemini 6 and 7 first space rendezvous.
Credit: NASA


MOLMOL
Credit: © Dan Roam


Gemini 6 3Gemini 6 3
View of Gemini 6 during the Gemini 6 and 7 first space rendezvous.
Credit: NASA


Gemini 6Gemini 6
View of Gemini 6 during the Gemini 6 and 7 first space rendezvous.
Credit: NASA


Gemini6 in orbitGemini6 in orbit
Gemini6 in orbit view
Credit: NASA


Gemini VariantsGemini Variants
Modest modifications of Gemini proposed by McDonnell Douglas as a follow-on to the basic program (927 x 723 pixel version).
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Gemini-AgenaGemini-Agena
Gemini docked to Agena
Credit: © Mark Wade


Gemini with MORLGemini with MORL
Gemini docked with MORL. Note lack of a docking hatch in Gemini is accommodated by having docking collar as large as the base of the Gemini re-entry vehicle itself.
Credit: US Air Force


Gemini AdvancedGemini Advanced
More advanced versions of Gemini proposed by McDonnell Douglas as a follow-on to the basic program (927 x 723 pixel version).
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Gemini-CentaurGemini-Centaur
Gemini Docked to Centaur for Circumlunar Flight
Credit: © Mark Wade


Gemini-Centaur-LMGemini-Centaur-LM
Gemini for lunar landing with Centaur and Langley open cockpit Lunar Module
Credit: © Mark Wade


Gemini/Transtage-LEOGemini/Transtage-LEO
Translunar Gemini with Double Transtage - LEO Configuration
Credit: © Mark Wade


Extended GeminiExtended Gemini
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Gemini FerryGemini Ferry
Drawing of Gemini Ferry in flight.
Credit: McDonnell-Douglas


Gemini ObservatoryGemini Observatory
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Rescue GeminiRescue Gemini
A version of Gemini was proposed for rescue of crews stranded in Earth orbit. This version, launched by a Titan 3C, used a transtage for manoeuvring. The basic Gemini re-entry module was extended to 120 inches (3.05 m) diameter to provide a passenger compartment for the rescued crew. The same concept would eventually be used for Big Gemini.
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Winged GeminiWinged Gemini
Top view of Winged Gemini, the most radical modification proposed. Drawing on the results of the ASSET subscale winged re-entry vehicle program, McDonnell proposed a version of the spacecraft using the same internal systems but capable of a piloted runway landing. The spacecraft was designed for launch by the standard Titan 2 Gemini Launch Vehicle.
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Gemini TransportGemini Transport
Gemini Transport version proposed as a Gemini program follow-on. With the extended re-entry module, this is the ancestor of the Big Gemini spacecraft proposed in the late 1960's.
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Gemini Lunar SRSGemini Lunar SRS
Cutaway model of the Gemini Lunar Surface Rescue Spacecraft, with landing gear in stowed position. This version of Gemini would allow a direct lunar landing mission on a single Saturn V flight. It was proposed as an Apollo rescue vehicle. A single Gemini LSSS would be landed near the planned lunar landing site before an Apollo mission. In the event of a failure of the Apollo lunar module, the Gemini LSSS would return the two Apollo astronauts on the surface directly to earth.
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Gemini LORVGemini LORV
Gemini Lunar Orbit Rescue Vehicle, studied for rescue of an Apollo crew stranded in lunar orbit. Gemini would be launched by Saturn V. Following lunar orbit insertion it would rendezvous with the disabled Apollo. The three Apollo crew members would transfer by spacewalk to a compartment in the stretched Gemini capsule. It would then boost itself on a transearth trajectory. This was rejected in favour of the more flexible Gemini Lunar Surface Rescue Vehicle.
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Gemini Lunar SSSGemini Lunar SSS
Drawing of the Gemini Lunar Surface Survival Shelter. The shelter would be landed, unmanned, near the landing site of a stranded Apollo Lunar Module. In the event the LM ascent stage would not light to take the crew back to the Apollo CSM in lunar orbit, the two astronauts could go to the shelter and await a rescue mission. The astronaut in the CSM would return alone in the Apollo spacecraft.
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Big Gemini MockupBig Gemini Mockup
Mock-up of the Big Gemini re-entry module on display at the McDonnell plant, St Louis, in 1967. The large windows allowed viewing of the interior of the mock-up and were not going to be part of the flight version! By simply adding a passenger compartment behind the basic Gemini B, McDonnell produced a ballistic re-entry vehicle with the same total mass and base diameter as the Apollo Command Module, but over twice the cargo capacity.
Credit: McDonnell Douglas


Mercury GeminiMercury Gemini
Comparison of the Mercury and Gemini capsules.
Credit: © Mark Wade


Atlas ATDAAtlas ATDA
Credit: © Mark Wade


Gemini 2 viewGemini 2 view
Credit: © Mark Wade


Gemini 5Gemini 5
Astronauts Cooper and Conrad in Gemini spacecraft just after insertion
Credit: NASA


Gemini 5Gemini 5
Astronaut Charles Conrad inside the Gemini 5 spacecraft after launch
Credit: NASA


Gemini 8Gemini 8
Astronauts Scott and Armstrong inserted into Gemini 8 spacecraft
Credit: NASA


Gemini 8Gemini 8
Gemini 8 spacecraft hoisted aboard the U.S.S. Leonard F. Mason
Credit: NASA


Gemini 9Gemini 9
View of the nose of the Gemini 9 spacecraft taken from hatch of spacecraft
Credit: NASA


Gemini 9Gemini 9
Close-up view of Gemini 9 spacecraft taken during EVA
Credit: NASA


Gemini 9Gemini 9
Gemini 9-A spacecraft touches down in the Atlantic at end of mission
Credit: NASA


Gemini 9Gemini 9
Gemini 9 spacecraft recovery operations
Credit: NASA


Gemini 9Gemini 9
Gemini 9 astronauts await recovery operations
Credit: NASA


Gemini 9Gemini 9
Gemini 9-A spacecraft touches down in the Atlantic at end of mission
Credit: NASA



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1964 March 6 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 March 23 - .
1964 March 25 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1964 March 26 - .
1964 March 28 - .
1964 April 2 - .
1964 April 8 - . 16:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1964 April 9 - .
1964 April 9 - .
1964 April 9 - .
1964 April 13 - .
1964 April 13 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1964 April 15 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 April 24 - .
1964 April 29 - .
1964 April 30 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1964 April 30 - .
1964 May 1 - .
1964 May 5-7 - .
1964 May 5 - .
1964 May 11-12 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 May 29 - .
1964 May 31 - .
1964 June 4 - .
1964 June 8 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 June 12 - .
1964 June 12 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 June 19 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 June 25 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 June 30 - .
1964 July 10 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 July 16-17 - .
1964 July 10-25 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 July 27 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 July 29 - .
1964 August 4-6 - .
1964 August 7 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 August 14 - .
1964 August 16 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 August 22 - .
1964 August 31 - .
1964 August 31 - .
1964 September - .
1964 September 13 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 September 21 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 September 23 - .
1964 September 25-26 - .
1964 September 29 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 September 29 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 September 30 - .
1964 October 7 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 October 9-17 - .
1964 October 10 - .
1964 October 15 - .
1964 October 17 - .
1964 October 17 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 October 17 - .
1964 October 22-29 - .
1964 October 26 - .
1964 October 28 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 October 28 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 November 3 - .
1964 November 5 - .
1964 November 9 - .
1964 November 18 - .
1964 November 24 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 November 24 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 November 25 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 November 30 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 December 3 - .
1964 December 7 - .
1964 December 7 - .
1964 December 15 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 December 16 - . Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1964 December 17 - .
1964 December 18 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1964 December 19 - .
1964 December 28 - .
1964 - During the last quarter - .
1964 December 31 - .
1965 January 4 - .
1965 January 5 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 January 6 - .
1965 January 11 - .
1965 January 12 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 January 12 - .
1965 January 14 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 January 15 - .
1965 January 16 - .
1965 January 19 - . 14:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1965 January 22 - .
1965 January 25 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 January 28 - .
1965 January 28 - .
1965 January 28 - .
1965 January 29 - .
1965 January 29 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 January 31 - .
1965 February 4 - .
1965 February 5 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 February 5 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 February 8 - .
1965 February 8 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 February 11 - .
1965 February 12 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 February 17 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 February 17 - .
1965 February 17 - .
1965 February 21 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 February 25 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 February 26 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 March 1-2 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 March 2 - .
1965 March 8 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 March 10 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 March 10 - . Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1965 March 11-18 - .
1965 March 14 - .
1965 March 20 - .
1965 March 23 - . 14:24 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1965 March 27 - .
1965 March 29 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 March 29 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 April 4 - .
1965 April 5 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 April 9 - . LV Family: Atlas.
1965 April 14-15 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 April 14 - .
1965 April 15 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 April 20 - .
1965 April 21 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 April 22 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 April 23 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 April 26 - .
1965 May 4 - .
1965 May 5 - .
1965 May 13 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 May 15 - .
1965 May 19 - .
1965 May 26 - .
1965 June 3 - . 15:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1965 June 3 - . 19:46 GMT - .
1965 June 7 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 June 7 - .
1965 June 15 - .
1965 June 18 - .
1965 June 19 - .
1965 June 24 - .
1965 June 25 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 June 25 - .
1965 June 25 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 June 29 - .
1965 July 1 - .
1965 July 7 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 July 12 - .
1965 July 23 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 July 26 - .
1965 July 26 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 July 27 - .
1965 August 4 - .
1965 August 5 - .
1965 August 12 - .
1965 August 12 - .
1965 August 16 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 August 19 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 August 21 - . 14:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1965 August 24 - .
1965 August 24 - .
1965 August 26 - .
1965 August 28 - .
1965 August 29 - .
1965 August 30 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 August 30 - .
1965 August 31 - .
1965 September 8 - .
1965 September 9 - .
1965 September 16 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 September 17 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 September 20 - .
1965 September 20 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 September 20 - .
1965 September 23 - .
1965 September 28 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 October 7-14 - .
1965 October 9 - .
1965 October 22 - .
1965 October 26 - .
1965 October 28 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 October 28 - .
1965 October 29-30 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 November 3 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 November 8 - .
1965 November 8 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 November 11 - .
1965 November 19 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 November 26 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1965 November 29 - .
1965 December 3 - .
1965 December 4 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 December 4 - . 19:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1965 December 6 - .
1965 December 6 - .
1965 December 7 - .
1965 December 8 - .
1965 December 8 - .
1965 December 8-10 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 December 9 - .
1965 December 11 - .
1965 December 12 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1965 December 15 - . 13:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1965 December 16 - .
1965 December 16 - .
1965 December 18 - .
1965 December 18 - .
1965 December 18 - .
1965 December 20 - .
1965 December 23 - .
1965 December 27 - . Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 January 3 - .
1966 January 5 - . Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 January 6 - .
1966 January 8 - .
1966 January 13 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 January 17 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 January 20 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 January 21 - .
1966 January 25 - .
1966 January 31 - .
1966 February 2-24 - .
1966 February 4 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 February 9 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 February 10 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 February 17 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 February 23 - .
1966 February 23 - .
1966 February 28 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 February 28 - .
1966 March 2 - .
1966 March 7 - .
1966 March 13 - .
1966 March 16 - . 16:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1966 March 17 - .
1966 March 19 - .
1966 March 21 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 March 24 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 March 28 - .
1966 March 30 - .
1966 March 31 - . Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 April 4 - .
1966 April 13 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 April 14 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 April 18 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 April 18 - .
1966 April 20 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 April 22 - .
1966 May 13 - .
1966 May 17 - .
1966 May 18 - .
1966 June - .
1966 June 1 - . 15:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC14. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3.
1966 June 3 - . 13:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1966 June 4 - .
1966 June 5 - . 15:02 GMT - .
1966 June 6 - .
1966 June 6 - .
1966 June 7 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 June 7 - .
1966 June 9 - .
1966 June 9 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 June 15 - .
1966 June 17 - .
1966 June 20 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 June 24 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 June 27 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 July 7 - .
1966 July 13 - . Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
1966 July 15 - . Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 July 18 - . 22:20 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1966 July 19 - . 21:44 GMT - .
1966 July 20 - .
1966 July 20 - . 23:01 GMT - .
1966 July 21 - .
1966 July 22 - .
1966 July 22 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 July 28 - .
1966 July 29 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 August 8 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 August 15 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 August 16 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 August 22 - .
1966 August 22 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 September 6 - .
1966 September 9 - .
1966 September 10 - .
1966 September 12 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 September 12 - . 14:42 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1966 September 13 - .
1966 September 13 - . 14:44 GMT - .
1966 September 14 - . 12:49 GMT - .
1966 September 15 - .
1966 September 16 - .
1966 September 19 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 September 21 - .
1966 September 23 - .
1966 September 23 - .
1966 September 26 - .
1966 October 5 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 October 11 - . LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II.
1966 October 23 - . LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.
1966 November 3 - . 13:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan IIIC.
1966 November 8 - .
1966 November 11 - . 20:46 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC19. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan II GLV.
1966 November 12 - . 16:15 GMT - .
1966 November 13 - . 15:34 GMT - .
1966 November 14 - .
1966 November 14 - . 14:52 GMT - .
1966 November 15 - .
1966 November 23 - .
1967 March 17 - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral.
1969 August 21 - .

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