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RAKA

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AKA: RASA;RKA;Rosaviakosmos (Rossiskoe aviatsionno-kosmicheskoe agentstvo);Rossiskoye Kosmicheskoye Agentsvo (Russian Space Agency);Rossiskoye Kosmicheskoye Agentsvo (Russian Space Agency);Russian Space Agency. Location: Moskva, Rossiya.

• Soyuz TM-16 - . Call Sign: Vulkan (Volcano ). Crew: Manakov, Poleshchuk. Backup Crew: Serebrov, Tsibliyev. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 101. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-16. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 179.03 days. Decay Date: 1993-07-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 22319 . COSPAR: 1993-005A. Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Perigee: 393 km (244 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min.

  Manned two crew. Mir Expedition EO-13. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station a crew of the thirteenth main expedition comprising the cosmonauts G M Manakov and A F Poleschuk.The Soyuz carried the APAS androgynous docking system instead of the usual probe system.

• Meteor 2-21 - . Payload: Meteor-2 s/n 24. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Meteor-2. USAF Sat Cat: 22782 . COSPAR: 1993-055A. Apogee: 967 km (600 mi). Perigee: 936 km (581 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 104.10 min.

  Obtaining meteorological data and information on the radiation status of geovicinal outer space. The satellite included the Temisat German small space facility, which was separated from Meteor-2 on the seventh transit of the flight. Western interceptions of Meteor 2-21's transmissions indicated that the spacecraft did not perform as well as earlier vehicles in the series, particularly with regard to image quality and stable signal strength. The spacecraft operated through the end of 1994 on 137.400 MHz and 137.850 MHz, switching when required to avoid interference with other Russian Earth observation spacecraft.

• Meteor 3-06 - . Payload: Meteor-3 s/n 7. Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Meteor-3. USAF Sat Cat: 22969 . COSPAR: 1994-003A. Apogee: 1,228 km (763 mi). Perigee: 1,191 km (740 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 109.40 min.

  Obtained meterological and solar-terrestrial data. Meteor 3-6 was inserted into an orbital plane 60 degrees to the west of Meteor 3-5's plane and ejected the small German satellite Tubsat B on the second orbit. Meteor 3-6 also carried an integrated French radiometer called SCARAB (Scanner for Radiation Budget) and a German PRARE (Precision Range and Range Rate Experiment) geodetic instrument. The French radiometer was designed to study the Earth's radiation budget over an extended period of time and to measure the effect of clouds on the greenhouse phenomenon. A second SCARAB instrument was manifested on a Meteor spacecraft that was to be launched in 1996, but this did not come to pass. The German PRARE was similar to the instrument carried on ESA's ERS· 1 satellite.

• Intercosmos 26 - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KI-IK. Mass: 2,160 kg (4,760 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 2001-03-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 23019 . COSPAR: 1994-014A. Apogee: 541 km (336 mi). Perigee: 501 km (311 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 94.70 min.

  Solar and space physics. Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun under the Koronas-I international project developed by Russian and Ukranian experimts in cooperation with specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom.

• Okean-O1 no. 7 - . Payload: Okean-O1 no. 7. Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Okean. Class: Earth. Type: Civilian Radarsat. Spacecraft: Okean-O1. USAF Sat Cat: 23317 . COSPAR: 1994-066A. Apogee: 665 km (413 mi). Perigee: 631 km (392 mi). Inclination: 82.54 deg. Period: 97.70 min. Oceanography..

• Resurs-O1 No. 3 - . Payload: Resurs-O1 No. 3. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Resurs-O1. USAF Sat Cat: 23342 . COSPAR: 1994-074A. Apogee: 663 km (411 mi). Perigee: 660 km (410 mi). Inclination: 98.03 deg. Period: 97.98 min.

  Studied natural resources. It carried the German Safir-R1 communications experiment as a secondary attached payload. Expected life 3 to 5 years. The spacecraft mass of 1,907 kg was slightly higher than earlier models. The principal Earth observation sensors were MSU-SK and MSU-E instruments along with an experimental PVM-E local vertical sensor .

• Geo-IK - . Payload: Geo-IK no. 14. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic satellite. Spacecraft Bus: KAUR-1. Spacecraft: Geo-IK. USAF Sat Cat: 23411 . COSPAR: 1994-078A. Apogee: 1,526 km (948 mi). Perigee: 1,481 km (920 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.10 min. Also tested Elekon communcations payload..

• Radio-ROSTO RS-15 - . Payload: RS-15. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-1. Spacecraft: Radio. USAF Sat Cat: 23439 . COSPAR: 1994-085A. Apogee: 2,151 km (1,336 mi). Perigee: 1,894 km (1,176 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 127.70 min.

• Cosmos 2328 - . Payload: Gonets-D1 No. 1. Mass: 250 kg (550 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. USAF Sat Cat: 23787 . COSPAR: 1996-009A. Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Perigee: 1,399 km (869 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. LEO. Carried photo-surveillance system for disaster monitoring; also carried communications package .

• Cosmos 2329 - . Payload: Gonets-D1 No. 2. Mass: 250 kg (550 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. USAF Sat Cat: 23788 . COSPAR: 1996-009B. Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Perigee: 1,406 km (873 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min. LEO. Carried photo-surveillance system for disaster monitoring; also carried communications package .

• Cosmos 2330 - . Payload: Gonets-D1 No. 3. Mass: 250 kg (550 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. USAF Sat Cat: 23789 . COSPAR: 1996-009C. Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Perigee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min. LEO. Carried photo-surveillance system for disaster monitoring; also carried communications package .

• Priroda - . Payload: 77KSI s/n 17401. Mass: 19,000 kg (41,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned space station. Flight: Soyuz TM-23, STS-76 Mir NASA-1. Spacecraft Bus: Mir. Spacecraft: Priroda. Decay Date: 2001-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 23848 . COSPAR: 1996-023A. Apogee: 347 km (215 mi). Perigee: 220 km (130 mi). Inclination: 51.67 deg. Period: 89.89 min. LEO. Remote sensing module for Mir space station Docked with Mir Apr 26. .

• Soyuz TM-24 - . Call Sign: Fregat (Frigate ). Crew: Andre-Deshays, Kaleri, Korzun. Backup Crew: Eyharts, Lazutkin, Tsibliyev. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 73. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-23, Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-24 Cassiopee, STS-76 Mir NASA-1. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 196.73 days. Decay Date: 1997-03-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 24280 . COSPAR: 1996-047A. Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Perigee: 378 km (234 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.30 min.

  Mir Expedition EO-22. Valeriy Korzun and Aleksandr Kaleri of the Russian Space Agency (RKA) Claudie Andre-Deshays of the French space agency CNES. This launch was the first of the Soyuz-U booster with a crew aboard following two launch failures of on unmanned flights. Soyuz docked with Mir's front port at 14:50:21 GMT on August 19; Mir was in a 375 x 390 km x 51.6 deg orbit.

  On Feb 7 at 16:28:01 GMT the EO-22 crew and American astronaut Linenger undocked the Soyuz TM-24 ferry from the front docking port, flew it around to the far side of the complex and redocked at the rear Kvant port at 16:51:27 GMT. This cleared the forward port for the arrival of the EO-23 crew, who brought with them German astronaut Reinhold Ewald on Feb 12.

• Magion 5 - . Payload: S2. Mass: 58 kg (127 lb). Nation: Czech Republic. Agency: RAKA. Program: Intercosmos. Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere satellite. Spacecraft: Magion. USAF Sat Cat: 24292 . COSPAR: 1996-050B. Apogee: 18,608 km (11,562 mi). Perigee: 1,366 km (848 mi). Inclination: 63.60 deg. Period: 347.20 min. The S2-A Magion 5 sub-satellite deployed from Interbol-2 on 30 August 1996 and conducted auroral studies in conjunction with Interbol-2. It was believed lost due to a solar panel failure until it was revived on the 14 May 1998..

• Progress M-33 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 233. Mass: 7,190 kg (15,850 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-24, STS-79 Mir NASA-2. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 112.17 days. Completed Operations Date: 1997-03-12 03:22:59 . Decay Date: 1997-03-12 03:22:59 . USAF Sat Cat: 24663 . COSPAR: 1996-066A. Apogee: 387 km (240 mi). Perigee: 361 km (224 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.00 min.

  Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 22 Nov 1996 01:01:30 GMT. Undocked on 6 Feb 1997 12:13:53 GMT. Thereafter in independent orbital flight in a 377 x 395 km x 51.65 deg orbit. Failed to redock with Mir on 4 Mar 1996. Destroyed in reentry on 12 Mar 1997 03:23:37 GMT. Total free-flight time 35.70 days. Total docked time 76.47 days.

• Bion No. 11 - . Payload: Bion No. 11. Mass: 5,400 kg (11,900 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Class: Biology. Type: Biology satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Bion. Duration: 15.00 days. Decay Date: 1997-01-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 24701 . COSPAR: 1996-073A. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Biological research. Carried monkeys Lalik and Multik..

• Soyuz TM-25 - . Call Sign: Sirius (Sirius ). Crew: Ewald, Lazutkin, Tsibliyev. Backup Crew: Dezhurov, Padalka, Schlegel. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 74. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-25, Soyuz TM-25 Mir 97, STS-81 Mir NASA-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 184.92 days. Decay Date: 1997-08-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 24717 . COSPAR: 1997-003A. Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). Perigee: 385 km (239 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.30 min. Mir Expedition EO-23. Soyuz TM-25 docked with Mir at the forward port on February 12 at 15:51:13 GMT..

• Gonets-D1 - . Payload: Gonets-D1 No. 4. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. USAF Sat Cat: 24725 . COSPAR: 1997-006A. Apogee: 1,428 km (887 mi). Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket..

• Gonets-D1 - . Payload: Gonets-D1 No. 5. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. USAF Sat Cat: 24726 . COSPAR: 1997-006B. Apogee: 1,422 km (883 mi). Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min.

• Gonets-D1 - . Payload: Gonets-D1 No. 6. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Military store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. USAF Sat Cat: 24727 . COSPAR: 1997-006C. Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

• Progress M-34 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 234. Mass: 7,156 kg (15,776 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-25, STS-81 Mir NASA-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 86.60 days. Completed Operations Date: 1997-07-02 06:31:45 . Decay Date: 1997-07-02 06:31:45 . USAF Sat Cat: 24757 . COSPAR: 1997-014A. Apogee: 393 km (244 mi). Perigee: 375 km (233 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.20 min.

  Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. It carried supplies for the Mir station and repair equipment for Mir's oxygen generators, replacement oxygen-generating 'candles' and a pair of new spacesuits. Docked with Mir at the rear Kvant module port on 8 Apr 1997 17:30:03 GMT. The Mir complex raised its orbit by 5 km on 15 Apr 1997 at 12:00 GMT, using Progress M-34's engine. Undocked on 24 Jun 1997 10:22:50 GMT. It was then used to perform a redocking test using newly developed remote-control procedures which were to replace the automatic system that Russia could no longer afford to buy from Ukraine. At 25 Jun 1997 09:18 GMT Mir commander Tsibliev was remotely commanding the approach of Progress to the Kvant module. This involved guiding the Progress via a television monitor. The Progress was difficult to see against the cloudy earth background at the time of the attempted docking. It went off course and collided with a solar array on the Spektr module and then the module itself. A large hole was made in a solar panel, one of the radiators was buckled, a hole was punched into Spektr's hull, and the module began to depressurize. This was not a slow leak - the crew heard a hissing sound and felt their ears pop. They disconnected the power cables leading from Mir to the main station and closed the hatch on the core module transfer section that led to Spektr. The Spektr module became fully depressurized, remaining docked to Mir with its docking hatch open. The loss of electrical connection between Spektr's solar panels and the main station cut the available power supply to the station, crippling its operations until later repairs reconnected the electrical lines. Tsibliev was also the pilot on a previous orbital collision, when he banged Soyuz TM-17 into Mir in Jan 1994. After the return of the crew to earth he was found to be to blame for the incident, although the fines assessed were later dismissed. The Progress M-34 cargo ship was backed to a safe distance from the station and was destroyed in reentry on 2 Jul 1997 06:31:50 GMT. Total free-flight time 9.90 days. Total docked time 76.70 days.

• Progress M-35 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 235. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-25, STS-84 Mir NASA-4. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 82.50 days. Decay Date: 1997-10-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 24851 . COSPAR: 1997-033A. Apogee: 391 km (242 mi). Perigee: 383 km (237 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.30 min.

  Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 7 Jul 1997 05:59:24 GMT. Undocked on 6 Aug 1997 11:46:45 GMT. Redocked with Mir on 18 Aug 1997 12:52:48 GMT. Final undocking on 7 Oct 1997 12:03:49 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 7 Oct 1997 17:23:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.30 days. Total docked time 80.21 days.

• Soyuz TM-26 - . Call Sign: Rodnik. Crew: Solovyov, Vinogradov. Backup Crew: Avdeyev, Padalka. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 75. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-25, Soyuz TM-26, STS-84 Mir NASA-4. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 197.73 days. Decay Date: 1998-02-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 24886 . COSPAR: 1997-038A. Apogee: 385 km (239 mi). Perigee: 378 km (234 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.20 min. Mir Expedition EO-24. The Soyuz docked manually at 17:02 GMT August 7. Over the next six months the crew undertook seven internal and external spacewalks to repair the crippled space station..

• Progress M-36 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 237. Mass: 7,195 kg (15,862 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-26, STS-84 Mir NASA-4, STS-86, STS-86 Mir NASA-5. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 74.92 days. Decay Date: 1997-12-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 25002 . COSPAR: 1997-058A. Apogee: 390 km (240 mi). Perigee: 378 km (234 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.20 min. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 8 Oct 1997 17:07:09 GMT. Undocked on 17 Dec 1997 06:01:53 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Dec 1997 13:20:01 GMT. Total free-flight time 5.39 days. Total docked time 69.54 days..

• Sputnik-40 - . Payload: Spoutnik 40 Ans / RS-17. Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: AFR. Program: Oscar. Class: Communications. Type: Amateur radio communications satellite. Spacecraft: PS Model. Decay Date: 1998-05-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 24958 . COSPAR: 1997-058C. Apogee: 378 km (234 mi). Perigee: 369 km (229 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 87.10 min. Subscale model of the first Spuntik, hand-launched by Mir crew during an EVA. Transmitted radio signals..

• Foton 11 - . Payload: Foton s/n 11. Mass: 6,190 kg (13,640 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kayser-Threde. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Duration: 13.63 days. Decay Date: 1997-10-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 25006 . COSPAR: 1997-060A. Apogee: 363 km (225 mi). Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Microgravity experiments. Landed in Kazakhstan Oct 23..

• Resurs F-1M - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1M. Decay Date: 1997-12-13 . USAF Sat Cat: 25059 . COSPAR: 1997-072A. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi). Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Landed in Kazakstan Dec 13..

• Progress M-37 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 236. Mass: 7,040 kg (15,520 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-26, STS-86 Mir NASA-5. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 61.69 days. Decay Date: 1998-03-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 25102 . COSPAR: 1997-081A. Apogee: 403 km (250 mi). Perigee: 363 km (225 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 92.20 min.

  Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir at the rear Kvant port on 22 Dec 1997 10:22:20 GMT. Undocked on 30 Jan 1998 12:00:00 GMT. Redocked with Mir on 23 Feb 1998 09:42:28 GMT. Final undocking 15 Mar 1998 19:16:01 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 15 Mar 1998 23:04:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 59.47 days.

• Soyuz TM-27 - . Call Sign: Kristall. Crew: Budarin, Eyharts, Musabayev. Backup Crew: Afanasyev, Haignere, Treshchev. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 76. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-27 Mir Pegase, STS-86 Mir NASA-5, STS-89, STS-89 Mir NASA-6. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 207.53 days. Decay Date: 1998-08-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 25146 . COSPAR: 1998-004A. Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Perigee: 363 km (225 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 91.90 min.

  Soyuz TM-27 carried the Mir EO-25 crew and French astronaut Leopold Eyharts. NASA and the Russian Space Agency had hoped Soyuz TM-27 could dock with Mir while Endeavour was still there, resulting in an on-board crew of 13, a record which would have stood for years or decades. But the French vetoed this, saying the commotion and time wasted would ruin Eyharts Pegase experimental programme. Soyuz TM-27 docked at the Kvant module port at 17:54 GMT on January 31, 1998, less than five hours before Endeavour landed in Florida.

  Solovyov handed over command of Mir to EO-25 commander Musabayev, and the Mir EO-24 crew and Eyharts undocked from the forward port of Mir at 05:52 GMT on February 19 aboard the Soyuz TM-26 for their return home. On February 20, the EO-25 crew and Andy Thomas of the NASA-7 mission boarded Soyuz TM-27 and undocked from the Kvant port at 08:48 GMT. They redocked with the forward port on Mir at 09:32 GMT. This freed up the Kvant port for a test redocking of the Progress M-37 cargo ship, parked in a following orbit with Mir during the crew transfer.

• Cosmos 2349 - . Payload: Yantar-1KFT s/n 19. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Surveillance. Type: Cartographic satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-1KFT. Duration: 44.00 days. Decay Date: 1998-04-02 . USAF Sat Cat: 25167 . COSPAR: 1998-009A. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Topographic mapping for the Army General Staff. Landed in Kazakhstan April 2 1998..

• Progress M-38 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 240. Mass: 7,007 kg (15,447 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-27, STS-89 Mir NASA-6. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 61.05 days. Decay Date: 1998-05-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 25256 . COSPAR: 1998-015A. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Perigee: 372 km (231 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 92.10 min.

  Progress M-38 was specially modified to carry the second VDU (Vynosnaya Dvigatel'naya Ustanovka, External Engine Unit) propulsion unit. The VDU was mounted externally on a special structure between the cargo module and the service module, replacing the OKD fuel section present on normal Progress vehicles. The crew spacewalks to extract the VDU from Progress and place it on the end of the Sofora boom extending from the Kvant module. The VDU was used to provide attitude control capability for the station. By 03:20 GMT on March 15 1998 Progress M-38 had successfully completed its first two orbital manoeuvres. It replaced Progress M-37 at the docking port on the Kvant module, with a successful docking on March 16 1998 at 22:45 GMT. Undocked May 15 at 1844 UTC, freeing up the docking port on the Kvant module for Progress M-39. Deorbited over Pacific May 15, 1998.

• Progress M-39 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 238. Mass: 7,450 kg (16,420 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-27, STS-89 Mir NASA-6. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 167.08 days. Decay Date: 1998-10-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 25340 . COSPAR: 1998-031A. Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Perigee: 360 km (220 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 91.90 min. Docked with Mir at the Kvant port at 23:51 GMT on May 16 1998, bringing supplies and scientific experiments to the station. Undocked 09:28 GMT on August 12 1998 in order to clear the port for Soyuz TM-28. Deorbited over Pacific Ocean on October 29, 1998..

• Resurs-O1 No. 4 - . Payload: Resurs-O1 No. 4. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: VNIIEM. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Resurs-O1. USAF Sat Cat: 25394 . COSPAR: 1998-043A. Apogee: 818 km (508 mi). Perigee: 815 km (506 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.20 min.

  In addition to its remote sensing equipment, the satellite carried the Belgian LLMS (Little LEO Messaging System) communications payload for the IRIS system. The launch was critical in restoring confidence in the Zenit vehicle prior to planned commercial launches of Globalstar satellites from Baikonur and the first Sea Launch flights using a three-stage Zenit from a California-based floating launch platform. Expected life 3 to 5 years.

• Soyuz TM-28 - . Call Sign: Altair. Crew: Avdeyev, Baturin, Padalka. Backup Crew: Kaleri, Zalyotin. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 77. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TM-28 Mir EO-26/-27, Soyuz TM-28 Mir EP-4. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 198.69 days. Decay Date: 1999-02-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 25429 . COSPAR: 1998-047A. Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Perigee: 363 km (225 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 91.90 min.

  Soyuz TM-28 docked at 10:56 GMT on August 15 with the rear (Kvant) port of the Mir space station, which had been vacated at 09:28 GMT on August 12 by Progress M-39. The EO-25 crew, Musabayev and Budarin, landed with Baturin on Aug 25, leaving the EO-26 crew of Padalka and Avdeyev on the station. As only one final Soyuz mission to Mir was planned, with two of the seats on that Soyuz pre-sold to Slovak and French experimenters, the return crew of Soyuz TM-28 was subject to constant replanning and revision. On February 8, 1999, at 11:23 GMT Padalka and Avdeyev undocked from Mir's -X port in Soyuz TM-28, and redocked at the +X Kvant port at 11:39 GMT, freeing up the front port for the Soyuz TM-29 docking. Finally on February 27, 1999 EO-26 commander Padalka and Slovak cosmonaut Bella undocked Soyuz TM-28 from the Kvant rear docking port at 22:52 GMT, landing in Kazakhstan on February 28 at 02:14 GMT. Avdeyev remained on Mir with the EO-27 crew delivered on Soyuz TM-29, heading for a manned space flight time record.

• Progress M-40 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 239. Mass: 7,450 kg (16,420 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TM-28 Mir EO-26/-27. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 103.25 days. Decay Date: 1999-02-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 25512 . COSPAR: 1998-062A. Apogee: 360 km (220 mi). Perigee: 349 km (216 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.63 min.

  Docked with the rear (+X, Kvant) docking port of the Mir station on October 27. Delivered fuel, dry cargo, and the Znamya-2.5 solar illumination experiment. This was a follow-on to the earlier Znamya-2 experiment on Progress M-15 in 1992. The 25 m diameter Znamya reflector, which would unfold from the nose of the Progress, was to reflect sunlight over a 6 km area onto selected cities. Znamya-2.5 was developed by the Space Regatta Consortium, led by RKK Energia. Energia had long studied such space mirrors as a means of providing lighting to Siberian towns. The project was opposed by environmentalists and astronomers, who feared light pollution. Progress M-40 undocked on February 4, 1999 at 09:59 GMT, but the attempted deployment of the Znamya-2.5 reflector was thwarted when it snagged on a rendezvous system antenna. After two more failed attempts to deploy the antenna the experiment was abandoned. Progress M-40 fired its engines at 10:16 GMT on February 5, braked out of orbit, and burned up over the Pacific Ocean.

• Soyuz TM-29 - . Call Sign: Derbent. Crew: Afanasyev, Bella, Haignere. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 78. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Afanasyev, Bella, Haignere. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TM-28 Mir EO-26/-27, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-29 Mir Stefanik. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 188.85 days. Decay Date: 1999-08-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 25632 . COSPAR: 1999-007A. Apogee: 357 km (221 mi). Perigee: 341 km (211 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.52 min.

  Soyuz TM-29 docked with Mir on February 22 at 05:36 GMT. Since two crew seats had been sold (to Slovakia and France), Afansyev was the only Russian cosmonaut aboard. This meant that Russian engineer Avdeyev already aboard Mir would have to accept a double-length assignment. After the February 27 departure of EO-26 crew commander Padalka and Slovak cosmonaut Bella aboard Soyuz TM-28, the new EO-27 Mir crew consisted of Afanasyev as Commander, Avdeyev as Engineer and French cosmonaut Haignere. Follwoing an extended mission and three space walks, the last operational crew aboard Mir prepared to return. The station was powered down and prepared for free drift mode.

• Progress M-41 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 241. Mass: 7,450 kg (16,420 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-28 Mir EO-26/-27, Soyuz TM-29. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 105.99 days. Decay Date: 1999-07-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 25664 . COSPAR: 1999-015A. Apogee: 361 km (224 mi). Perigee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.51 min.

  Resupply craft docked uneventfully with the Mir complex two days later. It also delivered the Sputnik-99 amateur radio satellite, launched into orbit by hand by the cosmonauts during an EVA on April 16. Still hopeful of finding a backer to pay to keep Mir in space, Progress M-41 began a series of engine burns in late April to raise the orbit of the station. It finally undocked from Mir at 11:20 GMT on July 17 and was deorbited over the Pacific later the same day.

• Progress M-42 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 242. Mass: 7,450 kg (16,420 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-28 Mir EO-26/-27, Soyuz TM-29. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 200.57 days. Decay Date: 2000-02-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 25858 . COSPAR: 1999-038A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 340 km (210 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.42 min.

  Delivered supplies to the crew of the Mir complex. Docked with the Kvant port at 17:53 GMT on July 18. Remained docked to the station after the departure of the last operational crew in September 1999. Undocked on February 2. 2000, to clear the port for Progress M1, at 0311:52 GMT. Deorbited over the Pacific later the same day at 0610:40 UTC with an 8 minute burn.

• Okean-O - . Payload: Okean-O no. 1. Mass: 4,360 kg (9,610 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Program: Okean. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft: Okean-O. USAF Sat Cat: 25860 . COSPAR: 1999-039A. Apogee: 649 km (403 mi). Perigee: 648 km (402 mi). Inclination: 97.90 deg. Period: 97.70 min.

  First of a new generation of larger Okean oceanographic satellites, carried a side-looking radar (RSL-BO), and a set of visible and infrared scanners and radiometers. It is built by the Ukrainian Yuzhnoye company and is a joint project of the Russian Aviation/Space Agency (RAKA) and the Ukrainian National Space Agency (NKAU).

• Foton 12 - . Payload: Foton s/n 12. Mass: 6,190 kg (13,640 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Duration: 14.64 days. Decay Date: 1999-09-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 25902 . COSPAR: 1999-048A. Apogee: 365 km (226 mi). Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Foton 12 carried European microgravity experiments. The spacecraft's descent module landed on Russian territory at 52.47 deg N 53.83 deg E on September 24, 1999..

• Resurs F-1M - . Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Resurs F1M. Duration: 24.00 days. Decay Date: 1999-10-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 25929 . COSPAR: 1999-054A. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Remote sensing film satellite. Recovered in Russia on October 22, 1999..

• Progress M1-1 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 250. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 85.53 days. Decay Date: 2000-04-27 . USAF Sat Cat: 26067 . COSPAR: 2000-005A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 342 km (212 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.44 min.

  Progress M1 was a modification of the Progress M for the International Space Station. The first such spacecraft was diverted to raise the orbit of Mir. It docked with the unoccupied Mir space station on February 3 at 0802:20 GMT. Burns of its motor to raise Mir's orbit began on February 5 and continued through February 9. Progress M1-1 undocked at 16:33 GMT on April 26 to clear the docking port for Progress M1-2. It was deorbited over the Pacific at 19:27 GMT the same day.

• Soyuz TM-30 - . Call Sign: Yenisey. Crew: Kaleri, Zalyotin. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 204. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Kaleri, Zalyotin. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-30. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 72.82 days. Decay Date: 2000-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 26116 . COSPAR: 2000-018A. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Perigee: 358 km (222 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.97 min.

  Soyuz TM-30 docked with Mir's forward (-X) port on April 6 at 0631 GMT. Zalyotin and Kaleri reactivated the uninhabited station. Unloading Progress M1-1 and M1-2, they resupplied the station. The Progress spacecraft were also used to raise the station's orbit to 360 x 378 km x 51.6 deg. The orbital plane of Mir was then around 120 degrees away from that of ISS (making transport between the stations impossible, as desired by NASA).

• Progress M1-2 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 252. Mass: 7,280 kg (16,040 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-30. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 173.00 days. Decay Date: 2000-10-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 26301 . COSPAR: 2000-021A. Apogee: 380 km (230 mi). Perigee: 363 km (225 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.98 min. Progress M1-2 docked with the rear Kvant port of Mir at 2128 GMT on April 27. Mir's orbit was raised on April 29 in the first of a series of three burns by Progress M1-2. It later undocked and was deorbited over the Pacific on 15 October..

• Zvezda - . Mass: 20,295 kg (44,742 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Chelomei bureau, Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned space station. Spacecraft Bus: ISS. Spacecraft: ISS Zvezda. USAF Sat Cat: 26400 . COSPAR: 2000-037A. Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg.

  Years behind schedule, the Zvezda living module of the International Space Station, built and financed by Russia, finally reached orbit. Zvezda's initial orbit was 179 x 332 km x 51.6 deg. On July 14 the orbit was raised to 288 x 357 km. ISS was then in a 365 x 372 km orbit. After matching orbits with the ISS, Zvezda then became the passive docking target for the Russian-built, US-financed Zarya module already attached to the station. The Zarya/Unity stack docked with the Zvezda module at 00:45 GMT on July 26, forming the basic core of the International Space Station. A flood of NASA missions would follow to bring the station into operation.

• Progress M1-3 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 251. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-106. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 86.53 days. Decay Date: 2000-11-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 26461 . COSPAR: 2000-044A. Apogee: 362 km (224 mi). Perigee: 347 km (215 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 91.63 min.

  Progress M1-3 automatically docked with the International Space Station on August 8 at 20:13 GMT at the rear Zvezda port. The supply ship began refuelling of the station a few days later. It remained attached for offloading of its dry cargo by the STS-106 crew. It later separated from Zvezda's rear port at 0405 GMT November 1 and was deorbited over the Pacific at 0705 GMT.

• Progress M-43 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 243. Mass: 6,860 kg (15,120 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 101.00 days. Decay Date: 2001-01-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 26570 . COSPAR: 2000-064A. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.64 min.

  Mir Servicing flight. Launch delayed from October 15. Progress docked with Mir, primarily to raise its orbit and preserve the option of a MirCorp-financed flight in 2001. However the funding never came through and the decision was taken to deorbit Mir. Progress M-43 undocked at 0519 GMT on January 25 from the +X Kvant port to clear it for Progress M1-5 (which would deorbit the Mir station). On January 29 Progress M-43 was in a 271 x 280 km x 51.6 deg orbit.

• Soyuz TM-31 - . Call Sign: Uran. Crew: Gidzenko, Krikalyov, Shepherd. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 205. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Gidzenko, Krikalyov, Shepherd. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-31. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 186.91 days. Decay Date: 2001-05-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 26603 . COSPAR: 2000-070A. Apogee: 385 km (239 mi). Perigee: 378 km (234 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 92.18 min.

  Soyuz TM-31 delivered the Expedition One crew to the International Space Station with Gidzenko as the Soyuz crew commander with the call-sign 'Uran'. The spacecraft docked at Zvezda's rear port at 0921 GMT on November 2. The hatch to Zvezda was opened at 1023 GMT. Once aboard ISS, Shepherd became the ISS Commander, with 'Station Alpha' as the ISS callsign. Soyuz TM-31, with Shepherd, Gidzenko and Krikalyov aboard, undocked from the -Y port on Zvezda on February 24, 2001 at 1006 GMT and redocked with the -Z port on Zarya at 1037 GMT. This freed the Zvezda port for a Progress resupply ship. After the departure of the Progress, Soyuz TM-31 undocked from the Zarya nadir port April 18 2001 at 1240 GMT and redocked with the Zvezda aft port at 1301 GMT, leaving clearance for the Raffaello MPLM module to be berthed at the Unity nadir during the STS-100 mission.

• Progress M1-4 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 253. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-31. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 84.58 days. Decay Date: 2001-02-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 26615 . COSPAR: 2000-073A. Apogee: 363 km (225 mi). Perigee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.70 min.

  Progress M1-4 was an unmanned resupply craft that rendezvoused with the International Space Station on November 18. After problems with the automatic system, ISS Expedition 1 crew member Gidzenko took over manual control with the remote TORU system at 0302 GMT. The first docking attempt was aborted when M1-4 was only 5 m from the station at 0309 GMT. On the second attempt docking was successfully achieved at 0348 GMT at Zarya's nadir port. The problem on the first attempt was icing of the TORU system TV camera on the Progress when the spacecraft was in shadow. Progress M1-4 undocked from ISS at 1623 GMT on December 1. Following the mission of STS-97 Progress M1-4 redocked to Zarya's nadir port on December 26 at 1054 GMT. The redocking tested a fix to the software that caused problems in the vehicle's first docking attempt on November 18. Yuri Gidzenko completed the docking manually using the remote control TORU system. Progress M1-4 undocked from Zarya's nadir port for the last time at 1126 GMT on February 8. It was deorbited over the Pacific and reentered at 1350 GMT the same day.

• Gonets-D1 - . Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. Civilian communications. Failed to orbit..

• Gonets-D1 - . Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. Civilian communications. Failed to orbit..

• Gonets-D1 - . Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Reshetnev bureau. Program: Strela. Class: Communications. Type: Civilian store-dump communications satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Strela-3. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. Civilian communications. Failed to orbit..

• Progress M1-5 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 254. Mass: 7,300 kg (16,000 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 58.00 days. Decay Date: 2001-03-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 26688 . COSPAR: 2001-003A. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi). Perigee: 151 km (93 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.20 min.

  Mir Deorbiting mission. Launch delayed from January 16 and 18. The Mir station had a power failure on January 18, delaying the launch of the Progress cargo ship that was to deorbit it for a few days. Nick-named "Hearse", it was to deliver the 130 tonne Mir station to its cremation over the southern Pacific. Six cosmonauts were on "Hot-Standby" to reach Mir in the event the automatic docking failed. Progress M1-5 carried 2677 kg of fuel. A special three-day fuel-economy approach was be used to keep as much fuel as possibile for the deorbit. Progress M1-5 docked with the +X Kvant port at 0533 GMT on January 27. It later undocked and was deorbited over the Pacific together with Mir on 23 March.

• Progress M-44 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 244. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-31. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 49.22 days. Decay Date: 2001-04-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 26713 . COSPAR: 2001-008A. Apogee: 393 km (244 mi). Perigee: 376 km (233 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.20 min.

  ISS Servicing flight. Launch delayed from February10/20. Progress M-44 was a Russian, automatic cargo carrier that carried 2.5 tonnes of food, water, fuel, oxygen, and equipment to the International Space Station. In preparation for the docking, the ISS crew repositioned the Soyuz TM-31 escape craft from its port on Zvezda to a port on the Zarya module. Progress M-44 docked with the -Y port on Zvezda at 09:47 UT on 28 February. It undocked from Zvezda's aft port on April 16 at 0848 GMT and was deorbited at 1323 GMT over the Pacific Ocean.

• Soyuz TM-32 - . Call Sign: Kristall. Crew: Baturin, Musabayev, Tito. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 206. Mass: 6,750 kg (14,880 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Baturin, Musabayev, Tito. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-32 ISS EP-1. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 185.89 days. Decay Date: 2001-10-31 . USAF Sat Cat: 26749 . COSPAR: 2001-017A. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). Perigee: 385 km (239 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min.

  Soyuz TM-32 was designated ISS flight 2S by NASA and EP-1 (Visiting Crew 1) by RKK Energia. Soyuz TM-32 was a fresh lifeboat for the station; the Soyuz TM-31 crew themselves would return in Soyuz TM-31, which was at the end of its rated in-space storage tie. Dennis Tito's inclusion in the crew created controversy between NASA and the Russians since he was the first space tourist to fly to ISS. He had originally paid to fly to the Mir station but funds ran out to keep that station in orbit. Soyuz TM-32 docked with the -Z port on Zarya at 0758 GMT on April 30 after Endeavour had departed.. The crew transferred their customized reentry seat liners to Soyuz TM-31, at which point TM-32 became the Station's rescue vehicle. After a six day stay, the Soyuz TM-32 crew returned to earth aboard Soyuz TM-31. The Expedition 3 crew entered Soyuz TM-32) on October 19, 2001 and undocked from the nadir port of Zarya at 1048 GMT, flying it out and then sideways a few meters before approaching the station again to dock with the Pirs nadir port at 1104 GMT. This freed up Zarya for the arrival of a new Soyuz. The docking port at the aft end of Zvezda was occupied by the Progress M-45 cargo ship.

• Progress M1-6 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 255. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-102 ISS EO-2. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 93.44 days. Decay Date: 2001-08-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 26773 . COSPAR: 2001-021A. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi). Perigee: 391 km (242 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.50 min.

  ISS Servicing flight. Launch delayed from april 12. This Progress resupply mission to the ISS was launched by the first Soyuz-FG rocket - a modified Soyuz-U with 5 percent improved perfomance using new fuel utilisation systems. Progress M1-6 after launch was also designated as ISS supply mission 4P. It carried 2.5 tonnes of food, fuel, water, life-support material, and equipment, including spare computer equipment for the ISS Destiny module. Nearly one tonne of the fuel was for raising the altitude of the ISS. Progress M1-6 docked with Zvezda's aft (-Y) port at 0024 GMT on May 23. It undocked at 0601 GMT on August 22 and deorbited at around 0900 GMT the same day.

• Koronas-F - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KF. Mass: 2,260 kg (4,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. Decay Date: 2005-12-06 . USAF Sat Cat: 26873 . COSPAR: 2001-032A. Apogee: 529 km (328 mi). Perigee: 486 km (301 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg.

  Launch delayed from July 25. Koronas-F was a Russian solar observatory that pointed toward Sun within 10 arc-minutes to conduct a variety of observations. In broad categories, it carried X-ray monitors to locate sources within 1 arc-sec, radio receivers to measure flux and polarization, and particle counters. Additional Details: here....

• Progress M-45 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 245. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-105 ISS EO-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 93.50 days. Decay Date: 2001-11-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 26890 . COSPAR: 2001-036A. Apogee: 389 km (241 mi). Perigee: 376 km (233 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.20 min.

  ISS Servicing Mission. Launch delayed from July 4 and 24. Progress M-45, 7K-TGM No. 245 (of the older generation series of Progress) docked with the ISS at 0951 GMT on August 23 at the aft Zvezda port vacated by Progress M6-1 a day earlier. It and delivered 2.5 tonnes of fuel, water, oxygen, equipment and spare parts. Progress M-45 undocked on November 22 and was deorbited over the Pacific later the same day.

• Progress M-SO1 - . Payload: Progress M-SO1 s/n 301. Mass: 6,900 kg (15,200 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-105 ISS EO-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M-SO. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 2001-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 26908 . COSPAR: 2001-041A. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Perigee: 329 km (204 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.20 min.

  Progress M-SO1 was the designation given to the service module section of a Progress M; the 3900 kg Pirs docking and airlock module for the ISS replaced the standard cargo and fuel sections. It also carried an astronaut chair, a space suit, a small crane, and some equipment for the Zvezda module of the ISS. Progress-M No. 301 was launched into an initial 180 km circular orbit. By September 16 it had maneuvered into a 238 x 264 km orbit; by 0038 GMT on September 17, a 385 x 395 km x 51.6 deg orbit upon rendezvous with the ISS. The Progress began a fly around of the station and lined up with the nadir port on Zvezda. Docking of Pirs with Zvezda came at 0105 GMT on September 17. The Progress M-SO1 later undocked from the Pirs nadir port to leave it free for future dockings. Pirs gave extra clearance from the Station for ships docking underneath Zvezda, and was also used as an airlock for spacewalks using the Russian Orlan EVA suits. Progress M-SO1 service module undocked from the Pirs module at 1536 GMT on September 26 and was deorbited over the Pacific at 2330 GMT the same day.

• Soyuz TM-33 - . Call Sign: Derbent. Crew: Afanasyev, Andre-Deshays, Kozeyev. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 207. Mass: 6,750 kg (14,880 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Afanasyev, Andre-Deshays, Kozeyev. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-33 ISS EP-2. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 195.79 days. Decay Date: 2002-05-05 . USAF Sat Cat: 26955 . COSPAR: 2001-048A. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). Perigee: 386 km (239 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min.

  Soyuz TM-33, an ISS lifeboat, carried two Russian and one French cosmonaut to the International Space Station (ISS). It docked with the ISS at 10:00 UT on 23 October. This new crew spent eight days on the ISS, and returned on the older Soyuz TM-32 at 03:59 UT on 31 October. The new Soyuz was to remain docked as a lifeboat craft for the long-term ISS crew of three (two Russian and one American) astronauts. On May 5, 2002, after a week aboard the station, the visting Soyuz TM-34 crew moved to the old Soyuz TM-33, docked at the Pirs port. They undocked at 0031:08 UTC on May 5, leaving the EO-4 crew of Onufrienko, Walz and Bursch with the new Soyuz TM-34 as their rescue vehicle. Soyuz TM-33 made its deorbit burn at 0257 UTC and landed successfully at 0352 UTC 25 km SE of Arkalyk.

• Progress M1-7 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 256. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-105 ISS EO-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 113.29 days. Decay Date: 2002-03-20 . USAF Sat Cat: 26983 . COSPAR: 2001-051A. Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). Perigee: 384 km (238 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.30 min.

  ISS Servicing flight. Launch delayed from November 14. The Progress M1-7 Russian automatic cargo carrier soft docked with the International Space Station Zvezda module at 1943 GMT on Nov 28. The docking probe retracted, but the eight peripheral latches would not engage. It turned out that a rubber seal had been left on the docking ring by Progress M-45. Cosmonauts from aboard the station cleared the debris in a spacewalk on December 3. As they watched from a few meters away Progress M1-7 was commanded to a hard dock with the station. NASA referred to this flight as `Progress 6'. It delivered 2.5 tonnes of food, fuel and equipment to the station, as well as a microsatellite named Kolibri. The Expedition 4 crew finished loading trash into Progress M1-7 on 19 March 2002, and it undocked from Zvezda's aft port at 1743 UTC. The Kolibri-2000 microsatellite was ejected from the Progress cargo compartment at 2228 UTC; Progress fired its engines to deorbit over the Pacific at about 0127 UTC on Mar 20.

• Meteor-3M - . Payload: Meteor 3M-N1. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: VNIIEM. Class: Earth. Type: Weather satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Meteor. Spacecraft: Meteor-3M. USAF Sat Cat: 27001 . COSPAR: 2001-056A. Apogee: 1,014 km (630 mi). Perigee: 994 km (617 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.20 min.

  Meteorology satellite. Launch postponed from late 2000, then delayed from November 30. The Meteor-3M weather satellite carried visible and IR sensors as well as NASA's SAGE III instrument which studied aerosols and the ozone layer. This was the first launched of a modernised version of the spacecraft. Launch be Zenit launch vehicle from Baikonur rather than Tsyklon 3 from Plesetsk allowed the spacecraft to be 350 kg heavier, carrying additional sensors and various piggy-back payloads.

• Badr B - . Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Nation: Pakistan. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: SIL. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military surveillance satellite. Spacecraft: Badr. USAF Sat Cat: 27003 . COSPAR: 2001-056C. Apogee: 1,014 km (630 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min. Badr B was Pakistan's second satellite. Built in collaboration with the English company SIL, it had a mass of 70 kg and carried an Earth imager..

• Maroc-Tubsat - . Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Nation: Morocco. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: TuB. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Tubsat. USAF Sat Cat: 27004 . COSPAR: 2001-056D. Apogee: 1,014 km (630 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min.

  Maroc-Tubsat was built by the Technical University of Berlin for the Centre Royal de Teledetection Spatiale, Morocco, and had a mass of 47 kg. It carried an imager and a store-forward communications test payload. The satellite measured 32x34x36,2 cm and was still in operation as of 2003.

• Reflektor - . Mass: 8.00 kg (17.60 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: NII KP. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Reflektor. USAF Sat Cat: 27005 . COSPAR: 2001-056E. Apogee: 1,012 km (628 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min.

  The 8 kg Reflektor was built by NII KP in Russia for space debris studies in a joint experiment with the Air Force Research Lab. The satellite consisted of of four triangular fins on a square base plus a deployable boom, with an array of laser retroreflectors. The satellite was 1.4 m long and 0.5 m wide but only 6 kg in mass. It will be used to calibrate laser imaging systems and other optical sensors.

• Kompas - . Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Makeyev bureau. Class: Earth. Type: Seismology satellite. Spacecraft: Kompas. USAF Sat Cat: 27002 . COSPAR: 2001-056B. Apogee: 1,013 km (629 mi). Perigee: 985 km (612 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 105.10 min.

  The Russian Kompas satellite, built by Makeyev for the IZMIRAN geophysics institute, was an 80 kg satellite with a magnetometer and other sensors designed to attempt prediction of earthquakes. The satellite was originally built for use on the Shtil rocket.

• Kolibri - . Mass: 21 kg (46 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Class: Technology. Type: Navigation technology satellite. Spacecraft: Kolibri. Decay Date: 2002-05-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 27394 . COSPAR: 2001-051C. Apogee: 388 km (241 mi). Perigee: 385 km (239 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg.

• Progress M1-8 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 257. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-108 ISS EO-4. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 95.67 days. Decay Date: 2002-06-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 27395 . COSPAR: 2002-013A. Apogee: 398 km (247 mi). Perigee: 379 km (235 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.30 min.

  ISS Servicing mission. Launch delayed from February 15 and 28. The Progress M1-8 resupply spacecraft was flown on ISS mission 7P. It docked with the Zvezda module on the Station at 2058 UTC on March 24. Progress M1-8 undocked from the Zvezda module at 0826 UTC on June 25. The deorbit burn was at 1135 UTC, lowering its orbit from 379 x 398 km x 51.6 deg to 50 x 398 km. The spacecraft reentered over the Pacific at 1213 UTC with debris impact near 46 S 144 W.

• Soyuz TM-34 - . Call Sign: Uran. Crew: Gidzenko, Shuttleworth, Vittori. Payload: Soyuz TM s/n 208. Mass: 6,750 kg (14,880 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Gidzenko, Shuttleworth, Vittori. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TM-34 ISS EP-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Duration: 198.73 days. Decay Date: 2002-11-10 . USAF Sat Cat: 27416 . COSPAR: 2002-020A. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). Perigee: 387 km (240 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min.

  Launch delayed from April 10, 22 and 17. Soyuz TM-34 was launched on ISS Mission 4S with Commander Yuri Gidzenko of Rosaviakosmos, Flight Engineer is Roberto Vittori of ESA, and Tourist Mark Shuttleworth, a South African citizen. At 1210 UTC Soyuz TM-34 was in a 242 x 269 km x 51.6 deg orbit. The flight was also referred to as ISS Mission 4S, the EP-3 visiting crew flight, and even as 'Soyuz 4' by NASA. Soyuz TM-34 docked with the nadir port on the Zarya module at 0755 UTC on April 27. The 4S flight docked at the Zarya nadir port on April 27. and the crew would return to Earth in the old TM-33 vehicle, leaving TM-34 as the active ISS rescue vehicle.

• Progress M-46 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 246. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-111 ISS EO-5. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 110.00 days. Decay Date: 2002-10-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 27454 . COSPAR: 2002-033A. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). Perigee: 387 km (240 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min.

  Launch delayed from May 21, then moved forward from July 14. Progress M-46 was launched on ISS mission 8P and docked with the Zvezda module at 0623 UTC on June 29 after carrying out tests of the Kurs rendezvous system on June 28. Seperated from ISS and commanded to destructive re-entry on 14 October 2002.

• Progress M1-9 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 258. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-111 ISS EO-5. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 129.00 days. Decay Date: 2003-02-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 27531 . COSPAR: 2002-045A. Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Perigee: 282 km (175 mi). Inclination: 51.63 deg. Period: 90.60 min.

  Launch delayed from July 22, September 10 and 20. Progress-M1 9, known to NASA as Progress 9P, was a Russian automatic cargo transportation craft that was to deliver food, fuel, and supplies to the International Space Station (ISS). It docked with the Zvezda module of the ISS on September 29 at 1700 UTC. Prior to the docking, the port was vacated by the earlier Progress-M 46. Undocked from the station on 1 February 2003 and commanded to destructive re-entry in the atmosphere.

• Foton-M - . Payload: Foton M-1 / Foton 13. Mass: 6,425 kg (14,164 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: ESA, RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton.

  Launch delayed from October 9. Foton-M No. 1 (Foton-13) was an improved version of the Foton materials processing satellite. The 6425 kg satellite carried a variety of microgravity experiments including those of the European Space Agency. The satellite was destroyed in the accident.

• Soyuz TMA-1 - . Call Sign: Yenisey. Crew: De Winne, Lonchakov, Zalyotin. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 211. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: De Winne, Lonchakov, Zalyotin. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-1 ISS EP-4. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 185.96 days. Decay Date: 2003-05-04 . USAF Sat Cat: 27552 . COSPAR: 2002-050A. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). Perigee: 278 km (172 mi). Inclination: 51.62 deg. Period: 90.20 min.

  Launch delayed from October 22, 28 pending investigation of causes of failure of another Soyuz booster on 15 October. Soyuz-TMA 1 was a Russian automatic passenger craft. It carried the EP-4 visiting crew of three astronauts (two Russians and one Belgian) to automatically dock with the International Space Station (ISS). This was the first flight of the new Soyuz-TMA model. It was to remain parked at the ISS as the escape craft, relieving the Soyuz TM-34. The crew conducted several microgravity experiments on the ISS during their 10-day stay before returning in Soyuz TM-34.

• Progress M-47 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 247. Mass: 7,290 kg (16,070 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: STS-113 ISS EO-6. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 206.00 days. Decay Date: 2003-08-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 27681 . COSPAR: 2003-006A. Apogee: 247 km (154 mi). Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Inclination: 51.65 deg. Period: 88.77 min.

  Launch delayed from original schedule of January 30, and was made just one day after the Columbia disaster resulted in a suspension of shuttle flights. Docked successfully with the ISS on 14:49 GMT on 4 February 2003. Undocked from Zvezda on August 27 and deorbited later the same day.

• Soyuz TMA-2A (cancelled) - . Crew: Duque, Kotov, Padalka. Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Duque, Kotov, Padalka. Agency: RAKA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-2A. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA.

  Soyuz TMA-2 was originally to switch lifeboats on the International Space Station. The crew would have returned to earth in the Soyuz TMA-1 already docked to the station. After the loss of Columbia, and the grounding of the remaining shuttles, it was decided instead that the EO-6 crew (Bowersox, Budarin, and Pettit) aboard the station would return in Soyuz TMA-1. Soyuz TMA-2 would be instead flown by a two-man skeleton crew (Malenchenko and Lu) to keep the station alive until shuttle flights could resume.

• Soyuz TMA-2 - . Call Sign: Agat. Crew: Lu, Malenchenko. Backup Crew: Foale, Kaleri. Return Crew: Duque, Lu, Malenchenko. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 212. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-2. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 184.95 days. Decay Date: 2003-10-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 27781 . COSPAR: 2003-016A. Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Perigee: 386 km (239 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min. Two-man Russian/American crew to provide minimal manning of space station while shuttle is grounded. Replaced three-man crew aboard ISS since before STS-107 disaster..

• Progress M1-10 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 259. Mass: 7,270 kg (16,020 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-2. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 117.06 days. Decay Date: 2003-10-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 27823 . COSPAR: 2003-025A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 247 km (153 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 90.40 min.

  Resupply of International Space Station. Additional water carried to meet needs of skeleton crew. Successfully docked with the nadir port on Pirs at 1115 GMT on June 11. It undocked from the station on September 4 to clear the port for Soyuz TMA-3 but then unusually spent a month on an autonomous earth observation mission. The deorbit engine ignited at 11:26 GMT on October 3 from a 247 x 340 km x 51.6 deg orbit, reducing the perigee to 69 km. Progress M1-10 reentered the atmosphere over the Pacific at 11:58 GMT and broke up around 12:05 GMT.

• Progress M-48 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 248. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-2. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 152.00 days. Decay Date: 2004-01-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 27873 . COSPAR: 2003-039A. Apogee: 383 km (237 mi). Perigee: 376 km (233 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.10 min.

  Delayed from July 30, moved up from September 18 and August 30. Docked with the Zvezda module of the ISS on August 31. Undocked from the station at 08:36 GMT on 28 January 2004 after being filled with trash and unneeded equipment. Deorbited and reentered over the Pacific at 13:46 GMT.

• Soyuz TMA-3 - . Call Sign: Ingul. Crew: Duque, Foale, Kaleri. Return Crew: Foale, Kaleri, Kuipers. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 213. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Duque, Foale, Kaleri, Kuipers. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-3 Cervantes. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 194.77 days. Decay Date: 2004-04-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 28052 . COSPAR: 2003-047A. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Perigee: 376 km (233 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.20 min.

  The spacecraft carried the Expedition 8 crew of Mike Foale and Aleksandr Kaleri and the EP-5 (Cervantes) mission crewmember Pedro Duque. During the flight to the station spacecraft Commander was Aleksandr Kaleri . Soyuz TMA-3 docked with the Pirs module at 07:16 GMT on October 20. Once the EO-7 crew aboard the ISS was relieved, the roles switched, with Foale becoming the ISS Commander. Duque carried out out 24 experiments in the fields of life and physical sciences, Earth observation, education and technology. The experiments were sponsored by the European Space Agency and Spain. After ten days in space, Duque returned to earth with the EO-7 crew of Malenchenko and Lu aboard Soyuz TMA-2.

• Soyuz TMA-3A (cancelled) - . Crew: Dezhurov, Kuipers, Skripochka. Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Dezhurov, Kuipers, Skripochka. Agency: RAKA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-3A. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA.

  Soyuz TMA-3 was originally to switch lifeboats on the International Space Station. The crew would have returned to earth in the Soyuz TMA-2 already docked to the station. After the Columbia disaster, the remaining shuttles were grounded. The Soyuz was then the only means of keeping the station manned. It was therefore decided that Soyuz TMA-3 would fly with the skeleton crew of Foale and Kaleri.

• Progress M1-11 - . Payload: Progress M1 s/n 260. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-3. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Duration: 116.00 days. Decay Date: 2004-06-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 28142 . COSPAR: 2004-002A. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Inclination: 51.65 deg. Period: 88.73 min.

  ISS resupply, to dock at the Zvezda module of the station 13:15 GMT on 31 January. Launch delayed from November 20, 2003. Payload delivered amounted to 2345 kg and included a new flex hose for the Destiny module's leaky window, replacement parts for the Russian Elektron oxygen-generating unit, a spare Elektron, new Russian Solid Fuel Oxygen Generator candles, batteries for the Zarya and Zvezda modules, gas analyser equipment, updated fire suppression and detection equipment, a new Russian Orlan spacesuit, film, cameras, data cassettes and the Matreshka experiment package for installation on Zvezda's exterior during a spacewalk.

  A few days prior to its departure from the ISS, ground controllers fired the Progress M1-11's engines for 11 minutes, boosting the Station's altitude by 3.7 km and adjusting its inclination by one one-hundredth of a degree. Progress M1-11 undocked from the Station at 11:19 GMT on 24 May 2005, clearing the way for the arrival of Progress M-49. It was thereafter commanded to a destructive re-entry over the Pacific Ocean.

• Soyuz TMA-4 - . Call Sign: Altair. Crew: Fincke, Kuipers, Padalka. Return Crew: Fincke, Padalka, Shargin. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 214. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Fincke, Kuipers, Padalka, Shargin. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-4 Delta. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 187.89 days. Decay Date: 2004-10-24 . USAF Sat Cat: 28228 . COSPAR: 2004-013A. Apogee: 367 km (228 mi). Perigee: 359 km (223 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.80 min.

  Soyuz TMA-4 was ISS transport mission ISS 8S and delivered the EO-9 caretaker crew of Gennadiy Padalka and Michael Fincke, together with the ESA/Netherlands Delta mission crewmember Andre Kuipers, to the Space Station. Soyuz TMA-4 docked with the nadir port on Zarya at 05:01 GMT on April 21 and the hatches to the ISS were opened at 06:30 GMT. Another gyro on the station had shut down prior to the docking and possibly would require a maintenance spacewalk to replace its failed electronics.

  After Soyuz TMA-5 docked with the ISS on October 16, the EO-9 crew handed activities over to the EO-10 crew.

• Soyuz TMA-4A (cancelled) - . Crew: Musabayev, Schlegel. Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Musabayev, Schlegel. Agency: RAKA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-4A. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA.

  Soyuz TMA-4 was originally to switch lifeboats on the International Space Station. The crew would have returned to earth in the Soyuz TMA-3 already docked to the station. After the Columbia disaster, the remaining shuttles were grounded. The Soyuz was then the only means of keeping the station manned. It was therefore decided that Soyuz TMA-4 would fly with the skeleton crew of McArthur and Tokarev.

• Progress M-49 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 249. Mass: 7,283 kg (16,056 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-4. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 66.00 days. Decay Date: 2004-07-30 . USAF Sat Cat: 28261 . COSPAR: 2004-019A. Apogee: 367 km (228 mi). Perigee: 359 km (223 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.80 min.

  Docked at the aft port of the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station on 27 May at 13:55 GMT. Delivered two and a half tons of food, water, fuel, spare parts and supplies. Progress M-49 undocked from the Zvezda module on 30 July 2004 at 7:05 GMT, after having been filled with a tonne of trash. Fincke filmed its departure, and Station exterior cameras captured rare footage of the Progress' fiery re-entry into Earth's atmosphere after it was deorbited.

• Progress M-50 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 250. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-4. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 133.73 days. Decay Date: 2004-12-23 . USAF Sat Cat: 28399 . COSPAR: 2004-032A. Apogee: 365 km (226 mi). Perigee: 358 km (222 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.80 min. Delayed from July 22 and 28. Docked with the International Space Station at 05:01 GMT on August 14. Undocked from the Zvezda module of the ISS on December 22 at 19:34 GMT and was deorbited over the Pacific at 22:32 GMT..

• Progress M-51 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 251. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-5. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 76.00 days. Decay Date: 2005-03-09 . USAF Sat Cat: 28503 . COSPAR: 2004-051A. Apogee: 355 km (220 mi). Perigee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.20 min.

  Launch delayed from November 24, December 22 . Progress M-51 docked with the Zvezda module of the International Space Station on December 25 at 23:58 GMT, bringing critical food supplies to the EO-10 crew. Press hype during the delays prior to the launch had portrayed the situation as one where failure of the Progress to dock would have required the crew to either return to earth or starve.

  Undocked from at 16:06 GMT on February 27, 2005, in order to clear the port for Progress M-52, which would launch the next day. Progress M-51 lowered its perigee at around 18:30 GMT and remained in orbit for several days. FInally an engine firing was commanded, bringing it down in a destructive re-entry over the Pacific Ocean on March 9.

• Progress M-52 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 252. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-5. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 107.20 days. Decay Date: 2005-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 28624 . COSPAR: 2005-007A. Apogee: 360 km (220 mi). Perigee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.60 min. Docked with the Zvezda module of the International Space Station at 20:10 GMT on March 2. Undocked at 20:16 GMT on 15 June. Retrofire at 23:16 GMT lowered its perigee to 62 km, and resulting in a destructive re-entry over the Pacific at 23:57 GMT..

• Foton M-2 - . Payload: Foton 14. Mass: 6,535 kg (14,407 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Decay Date: 2005-06-16 . USAF Sat Cat: 28686 . COSPAR: 2005-020A. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). Perigee: 262 km (162 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 89.93 min.

  Microgravity mission with the experiments being returned to earth after 16 days in a spherical Vostok capsule of the type that first carried Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961. The capsule landed in Kazakhstan at 07:36 GMT on 16 June. For this mission a 385 kg European payload of 39 experiments in fluid physics, biology, material science, meteoritics, radiation dosimetry and exobiology was carried. A further 215 kg of Russian instruments were also flown. Many were experiments were being reflown following loss of Foton-M1 on 15 October 2002. The planned Fotino miniature re-entry capsule experiment was not flown.

  Applied research included heat transfer experiments with the European FluidPac facility, chemical diffusion experiments in the SCCO (Soret Coefficients in Crude Oil), and material science investigations in the Agat and Polizon furnaces. These experiments were expected to contribute to new heat-exchanger designs, more efficient oil exploration processes, and better semiconductor alloys. The Biopan facility carried life science experiments, including a student seed germination test.

• Progress M-53 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 353. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-6. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 82.62 days. Decay Date: 2005-09-07 . USAF Sat Cat: 28700 . COSPAR: 2005-021A. Apogee: 353 km (219 mi). Perigee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.60 min.

  Delayed from June 10. Space station resupply mission. After a communications failure, ISS Commander Krikalyov took manual remote control used the TORU system to guide Progress M-53 to a docking at the ISS Zvezda module at 00:42 GMT on 19 June. Undocked at 10:26 GMT on 7 September into a 350 km x 351 km orbit. Progress M-53 began retrofire at 13:26 GMT the same day, lowering its perigee to 56 km and thereby ensuring a destructive re-entry into the Pacific Ocean.

• Monitor-E - . Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Chelomei bureau. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yakhta. Spacecraft: Monitor. USAF Sat Cat: 28822 . COSPAR: 2005-032A. Apogee: 545 km (338 mi). Perigee: 522 km (324 mi). Inclination: 97.50 deg. Period: 95.30 min. Delayed from June 30, July 30, August 18 2005. Prototype lightweight earth monitoring satellite with 8-meter and 20-meter resolution cameras..

• Progress M-54 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 354. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-6. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 176.00 days. Decay Date: 2006-03-03 . USAF Sat Cat: 28866 . COSPAR: 2005-035A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 347 km (215 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.50 min. Delayed from August 24. Resupply spacecraft which docked with the ISS Zvezda module at 14:42 GMT on 10 September. Undocked from the Zvezda module on March 3 2006 at 10:06 GMT and fired its engines to reenter over the Pacific at 13:05 GMT..

• Soyuz TMA-7 - . Call Sign: Rassvet. Crew: McArthur, Olsen, Tokarev. Return Crew: McArthur, Pontes, Tokarev. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 217. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: McArthur, Olsen, Pontes, Tokarev. Agency: NASA, RAKA, Shanghai Astronautics Bureau. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-6, Soyuz TMA-7, Soyuz TMA-8 ISS EP-10. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 189.83 days. Decay Date: 2006-04-08 . USAF Sat Cat: 28877 . COSPAR: 2005-039A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 347 km (215 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.50 min.

  Launch delayed from September 27. Soyuz TMA-7 docked with the International Space Station at 05:27 GMT on 3 October, bringing the long duration EO-12 crew of (McArthur, Commander; Tokarev, Flight Engineer) and space tourist Olsen. McArthur, Tokarev and Pontes (brought to the station aboard Soyuz TMA-8) transferred to TMA-7 on April 8, 2006, closing the hatches at 17:15 GMT and undocking from Zvezda at 20:28 GMT, leaving Vinogradov and Williams from Soyuz TMA-8 as the Expedition 13 in charge of the station. Soyuz TMA-7 fired its engines at 22:58 GMT for the deorbit burn and landed in Kazakhstan at 23:48 GMT.

• Progress M-55 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 355. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-7. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 179.96 days. Decay Date: 2006-06-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 28906 . COSPAR: 2005-047A. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Perigee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.40 min. The resupply spacecraft docked with the ISS Pirs module at 19:46 GMT on 23 December. It undocked at 14:06 GMT on June 19, 2006; fired its engines at 17:06 GMT to lower its orbit into the atmosphere; and burned up over the Pacific Ocean at 17:41 GMT..

• Soyuz TMA-8 - . Call Sign: Carat. Crew: Pontes, Vinogradov, Williams, Jeffrey. Return Crew: Ansari, Vinogradov, Williams, Jeffrey. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 218. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Ansari, Pontes, Vinogradov, Williams, Jeffrey. Agency: NASA, RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-7, Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-8 ISS EP-10. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 182.95 days. Decay Date: 2006-09-29 . USAF Sat Cat: 28996 . COSPAR: 2006-009A. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Perigee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.40 min.

  Soyuz TMA-8 docked with the Zarya nadir port of the ISS at 04:19 GMT on April 1. It undocked from Zarya on 28 September at 21:53 GMT, with the return crew of Vinogradov, Williams and space tourist Ansari aboard. It landed in Kazakhstan at 01:13 GMT on 29 September.

• Progress M-56 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 356. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-8. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 157.35 days. Decay Date: 2006-09-19 . USAF Sat Cat: 29057 . COSPAR: 2006-013A. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Perigee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.40 min. Progress M-56 docked at the Zvezda port of the International Space Station on 26 April at 17:41 GMT. It undocked at 00:28 GMT on 29 September and was then commanded to a destructive reentry over the south Pacific Ocean..

• Resurs DK-1 - . Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Program: Resurs. Class: Earth. Type: Earth resources satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Yantar. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. USAF Sat Cat: 29228 . COSPAR: 2006-021A. Apogee: 585 km (363 mi). Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Inclination: 69.90 deg. Period: 94.00 min.

  Civilian remote sensing satellite with a one-meter-resolution-class Geoton-1 camera payload.that relayed its data to the ground via a digital link. It was based on the Terilen/Neman class military reconnaissance satellite in use since the 1980s, using the Yantar satellite bus.

• Progress M-57 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 357. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-8. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 207.00 days. Decay Date: 2007-01-17 . USAF Sat Cat: 29245 . COSPAR: 2006-025A. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Perigee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.30 min. The Progress flew International Space Station resupply mission 22P (NASA called the flight Progress 22). It docked at the ISS Pirs port at 16:25 GMT on June 26..

• Soyuz TMA-9 - . Call Sign: Vostok. Crew: Ansari, Lopez-Alegria, Tyurin. Return Crew: Lopez-Alegria, Simonyi, Tyurin. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 219. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Ansari, Lopez-Alegria, Simonyi, Tyurin. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-9. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 215.35 days. Decay Date: 2007-04-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 29400 . COSPAR: 2006-040A. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Perigee: 330 km (200 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.30 min.

  Carried the Expedition 14 crew and space tourist Anousheh Ansari to the International Space Station. Ansari replaced tourist Daisuke Enomoto, who was removed from flight status by the Russians just 28 days before the flight. Docked at the Zvezda port of the station at 05:21 GMT on September 20. On 21 April 2007, Lopez-Alegria, Tyurin and space tourist Charles Simonyi (who was taken to the station aboard Soyuz TMA-10) boarded Soyuz TMA-9, separated from the ISS, conducted retrofire, and landed in Kazakhstan at 12:31 GMT.

• Progress M-58 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 358. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-8. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 155.38 days. Decay Date: 2007-03-28 . USAF Sat Cat: 29503 . COSPAR: 2006-045A. Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Perigee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.30 min.

  The Progress docked with the Zvezda module of the ISS at 14:29 GMT on October 26. There were indications that the Kurs rendezvous antenna on the forward docking ring had not retracted correctly, but this proved not to be the case. Hard dock was commanded at 18:06 GMT. Progress M-58 undocked from the Zvezda module on 27 March 2007 at 18:11 GMT and was deorbited at 22:44 GMT.

• Progress M-59 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 359. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Lopez-Alegria, Tyurin, Williams. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-9, STS-117 ISS EO-15. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 195.00 days. Decay Date: 2007-08-01 . USAF Sat Cat: 29714 . COSPAR: 2007-002A. Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Perigee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.30 min. Progress docked to the Pirs port of the ISS at 01:59 GMT on 20 January. The cargo craft brought up 780 kg of propellant for the Russian thrusters, 50 kg of oxygen and 1500 kg of spare parts, experiment hardware and life support components..

• Soyuz TMA-10 - . Call Sign: Pulsar. Crew: Kotov, Simonyi, Yurchikhin. Return Crew: Kotov, Muszaphar, Yurchikhin. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 220 / ISS-14S. Mass: 7,200 kg (15,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Kotov, Muszaphar, Simonyi, Yurchikhin. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-10 ISS EP-12. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Duration: 196.71 days. Decay Date: 2007-10-21 . USAF Sat Cat: 31100 . COSPAR: 2007-008A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 330 km (200 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.20 min.

  Carried the Expedition 15 crew and space tourist Charles Simonyi to the International Space Station. Soyuz TMA-10 docked at the Zarya port of the International Space Station at 19:10 GMT on 9 April. It undocked from Zarya at 19:20 GMT on Sep 27 September and docked at the Zvezda port at 19:47 GMT to clear Zarya for Soyuz TMA-10.

  The EO-15 crew and EP-13 space tourist Shukor (brought to the station by Soyuz TMA-11) boarded Soyuz TM-10 and undocked from the Zvezda port at 07:14 GMT on 21 October. The re-entry burn began at 09:47 and was normal. But afterwards, due to failure of an explosive bolt, the Soyuz service module remained connected to the re-entry capsule. The Soyuz tumbled, then began re-entry with the forward hatch taking the re-entry heating, until the connecting strut burned through. The Soyuz the righted itself with the heat shield taking the heating, but defaulted to an 8.6 G ballistic re-entry, landing 340 km short of the aim point at 10:36 GMT. Improved procedures after the ballistic re-entry of Soyuz TMA-1 meant a helicopter recovery crew reached the capsule only 20 minutes after thumpdown. However the true nature of the failure was concealed from the world until the same thing happened on Soyuz TMA-11.

• Progress M-60 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 360. Mass: 7,280 kg (16,040 lb). Nation: Russia. Related Persons: Kotov, Williams, Yurchikhin. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-10, STS-117 ISS EO-15. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 136.65 days. Decay Date: 2007-09-25 . USAF Sat Cat: 31393 . COSPAR: 2007-017A. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 330 km (200 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.20 min.

  Space station resupply spacecraft which docked with the Zvezda port of the International Space Station at 05:10 GMT on 15 May. It undocked on 19 September was conducted plasma depletion experiments before being deorbited over the Pacific at 19:01 GMT on 25 September..

• Progress M-61 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 361. Mass: 7,200 kg (15,800 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-10, STS-117 ISS EO-15. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 173.00 days. Decay Date: 2008-01-22 . USAF Sat Cat: 32001 . COSPAR: 2007-033A. Apogee: 346 km (214 mi). Perigee: 334 km (207 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.30 min.

  International space station resupply; docked with the Pirs module at 18:40 GMT on 5 August. Undocked at 03:59 GMT on 22 December to clear port for Progress M-62 launched the next day. Deorbited over the Pacific on 22 January 2008 after a month of free flight carrying out the Plazma-Progress experiment.

• Foton M-3 - . Mass: 6,500 kg (14,300 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Kozlov bureau. Class: Materials. Type: Materials science satellite. Spacecraft Bus: Vostok. Spacecraft: Foton. Decay Date: 2007-09-26 . USAF Sat Cat: 32058 . COSPAR: 2007-040A. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Perigee: 258 km (160 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min.

  Recoverable spacecraft derived from the Vostok. Carried Russian and European microgravy, life sciences and technology experiments. After deploying the YES-2 tether on 25 September, Foton M-3 was deorbited at 07:23 GMT on 26 September and successfully landed at 07:58 GMT in Kazakhstan.

• Progress M-62 - . Payload: Progress M s/n 362. Mass: 7,130 kg (15,710 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Korolev bureau. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Manned logistics spacecraft. Flight: Soyuz TMA-11, STS-120 ISS EO-16. Spacecraft Bus: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Progress M. Duration: 54.11 days. Decay Date: 2008-02-15 . USAF Sat Cat: 32391 . COSPAR: 2007-064B. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Perigee: 333 km (206 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.30 min.

  Resupply spacecraft that docked with the Pirs port of the International Space Station at 08:14 GMT on 26 December. Undocked on 4 February 2008 at 10:32 GMT and then carried out Earth observations for ten days before being deorbited on 15 February at 09:44 GMT.

• Koronas-Foton - . Payload: AUOS-SM-KF. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Nation: Russia. Agency: RAKA. Manufacturer: Yuzhnoye. Class: Astronomy. Type: Solar satellite. Spacecraft: AUOS. USAF Sat Cat: 33504 . COSPAR: 2009-003A. Apogee: 561 km (348 mi). Perigee: 539 km (334 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 95.70 min.

  Carried ten instruments to study in the sun throughout the electromagnetic spectrum, primarily Russian: Natalya-2M spectrometer; RT-2 gamma-telescope (India); Pingvin-M polarimeter; Konus-RF x-ray and gamma spectrometer; BRM x-ray detector; FOKA UV-detector; TESIS telescope/spectrometer with SphinX soft X-ray spectrophotometer (Poland); Electron-M-Peska charged particles analyser; STEP-F Electron and proton detector(Ukraine); SM-8M magnetometer. Follow-up to 2001 Koronas-F launch.